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Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver cell-impermeable therapeutic cargos into cells. In particular, CPP-cargo conjugates tend to accumulate inside cells by endocytosis. However, they often remain trapped inside endocytic organelles and fail to reach the cytosolic space of cells efficiently....
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223492 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph5111177 |
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author | Erazo-Oliveras, Alfredo Muthukrishnan, Nandhini Baker, Ryan Wang, Ting-Yi Pellois, Jean-Philippe |
author_facet | Erazo-Oliveras, Alfredo Muthukrishnan, Nandhini Baker, Ryan Wang, Ting-Yi Pellois, Jean-Philippe |
author_sort | Erazo-Oliveras, Alfredo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver cell-impermeable therapeutic cargos into cells. In particular, CPP-cargo conjugates tend to accumulate inside cells by endocytosis. However, they often remain trapped inside endocytic organelles and fail to reach the cytosolic space of cells efficiently. In this review, the evidence for CPP-mediated endosomal escape is discussed. In addition, several strategies that have been utilized to enhance the endosomal escape of CPP-cargos are described. The recent development of branched systems that display multiple copies of a CPP is presented. The use of viral or synthetic peptides that can disrupt the endosomal membrane upon activation by the low pH of endosomes is also discussed. Finally, we survey how CPPs labeled with chromophores can be used in combination with light to stimulate endosomal lysis. The mechanisms and challenges associated with these intracellular delivery methodologies are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3816665 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-38166652013-11-06 Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges Erazo-Oliveras, Alfredo Muthukrishnan, Nandhini Baker, Ryan Wang, Ting-Yi Pellois, Jean-Philippe Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver cell-impermeable therapeutic cargos into cells. In particular, CPP-cargo conjugates tend to accumulate inside cells by endocytosis. However, they often remain trapped inside endocytic organelles and fail to reach the cytosolic space of cells efficiently. In this review, the evidence for CPP-mediated endosomal escape is discussed. In addition, several strategies that have been utilized to enhance the endosomal escape of CPP-cargos are described. The recent development of branched systems that display multiple copies of a CPP is presented. The use of viral or synthetic peptides that can disrupt the endosomal membrane upon activation by the low pH of endosomes is also discussed. Finally, we survey how CPPs labeled with chromophores can be used in combination with light to stimulate endosomal lysis. The mechanisms and challenges associated with these intracellular delivery methodologies are discussed. MDPI 2012-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3816665/ /pubmed/24223492 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph5111177 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Erazo-Oliveras, Alfredo Muthukrishnan, Nandhini Baker, Ryan Wang, Ting-Yi Pellois, Jean-Philippe Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges |
title | Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges |
title_full | Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges |
title_fullStr | Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges |
title_full_unstemmed | Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges |
title_short | Improving the Endosomal Escape of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Cargos: Strategies and Challenges |
title_sort | improving the endosomal escape of cell-penetrating peptides and their cargos: strategies and challenges |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223492 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph5111177 |
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