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MMP-independent role of TIMP-1 at the blood brain barrier during viral encephalomyelitis

Infection of the CNS (central nervous system) with a sublethal neurotropic coronavirus (JHMV) induces a vigorous inflammatory response. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are essential to control infectious virus but at the cost of tissue damage. An enigma in understanding the contribution of T cell subsets...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Savarin, Carine, Bergmann, Cornelia C., Hinton, David R., Stohlman, Stephen A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Neurochemistry 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840398/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24156369
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/AN20130033
Descripción
Sumario:Infection of the CNS (central nervous system) with a sublethal neurotropic coronavirus (JHMV) induces a vigorous inflammatory response. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are essential to control infectious virus but at the cost of tissue damage. An enigma in understanding the contribution of T cell subsets in pathogenesis resides in their distinct migration pattern across the BBB (blood brain barrier). CD4(+) T cells transiently accumulate within the perivascular space, whereas CD8(+) T cells migrate directly into the CNS parenchyma. As MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) facilitate migration across the glia limitans, specific expression of the TIMP (tissue inhibitor of MMPs)-1 by CD4(+) T cells present in the perivascular cuffs suggested that TIMP-1 is responsible for stalling CD4(+) T cell migration into the CNS parenchyma. Using TIMP-1 deficient mice, the present data demonstrate an increase rather than a decrease in CD4(+) T cell accumulation within the perivascular space during JHMV infection. Whereas virus control was not affected by perivascular retention of CD4(+) T cells, disease severity was decreased and associated with reduced IFNγ (interferon γ) production. Moreover, decreased CD4(+) T cell recruitment into the CNS parenchyma of TIMP-1 deficient mice was not associated with impaired T cell recruiting chemokines or MMP expression, and no compensation by other TIMP molecules was identified. These data suggest an MMP-independent role of TIMP-1 in regulating CD4(+) T cell access into the CNS parenchyma during acute JHMV encephalitis.