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Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes

Association mapping can be viewed as an application of population genetics and evolutionary biology to the problem of identifying genes causally connected to phenotypes. However, some population-genetic principles important to the design and analysis of association studies have not been widely under...

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Autores principales: Edge, Michael D., Gorroochurn, Prakash, Rosenberg, Noah A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24481204
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eot021
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author Edge, Michael D.
Gorroochurn, Prakash
Rosenberg, Noah A.
author_facet Edge, Michael D.
Gorroochurn, Prakash
Rosenberg, Noah A.
author_sort Edge, Michael D.
collection PubMed
description Association mapping can be viewed as an application of population genetics and evolutionary biology to the problem of identifying genes causally connected to phenotypes. However, some population-genetic principles important to the design and analysis of association studies have not been widely understood or have even been generally misunderstood. Some of these principles underlie techniques that can aid in the discovery of genetic variants that influence phenotypes (‘windfalls’), whereas others can interfere with study design or interpretation of results (‘pitfalls’). Here, considering examples involving genetic variant discovery, linkage disequilibrium, power to detect associations, population stratification and genotype imputation, we address misunderstandings in the application of population genetics to association studies, and we illuminate how some surprising results in association contexts can be easily explained when considered from evolutionary and population-genetic perspectives. Through our examples, we argue that population-genetic thinking—which takes a theoretical view of the evolutionary forces that guide the emergence and propagation of genetic variants—substantially informs the design and interpretation of genetic association studies. In particular, population-genetic thinking sheds light on genetic confounding, on the relationships between association signals of typed markers and causal variants, and on the advantages and disadvantages of particular strategies for measuring genetic variation in association studies.
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spelling pubmed-38684152014-01-06 Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes Edge, Michael D. Gorroochurn, Prakash Rosenberg, Noah A. Evol Med Public Health Review Association mapping can be viewed as an application of population genetics and evolutionary biology to the problem of identifying genes causally connected to phenotypes. However, some population-genetic principles important to the design and analysis of association studies have not been widely understood or have even been generally misunderstood. Some of these principles underlie techniques that can aid in the discovery of genetic variants that influence phenotypes (‘windfalls’), whereas others can interfere with study design or interpretation of results (‘pitfalls’). Here, considering examples involving genetic variant discovery, linkage disequilibrium, power to detect associations, population stratification and genotype imputation, we address misunderstandings in the application of population genetics to association studies, and we illuminate how some surprising results in association contexts can be easily explained when considered from evolutionary and population-genetic perspectives. Through our examples, we argue that population-genetic thinking—which takes a theoretical view of the evolutionary forces that guide the emergence and propagation of genetic variants—substantially informs the design and interpretation of genetic association studies. In particular, population-genetic thinking sheds light on genetic confounding, on the relationships between association signals of typed markers and causal variants, and on the advantages and disadvantages of particular strategies for measuring genetic variation in association studies. Oxford University Press 2013 2013-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3868415/ /pubmed/24481204 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eot021 Text en © The Author(s) 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Edge, Michael D.
Gorroochurn, Prakash
Rosenberg, Noah A.
Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes
title Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes
title_full Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes
title_fullStr Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes
title_full_unstemmed Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes
title_short Windfalls and pitfalls: Applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes
title_sort windfalls and pitfalls: applications of population genetics to the search for disease genes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24481204
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eot021
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