Basic Concepts in Population Modeling, Simulation, and Model-Based Drug Development: Part 3—Introduction to Pharmacodynamic Modeling Methods

Population pharmacodynamic (PD) models describe the time course of drug effects, relating exposure to response, and providing a more robust understanding of drug action than single assessments. PD models can test alternative dose regimens through simulation, allowing for informed assessment of potential dose regimens and study designs. This is the third paper in a three-part series, providing an introduction into methods for developing and evaluating population PD models. Example files are available in the Supplementary Data.