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Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Gene expression profiling is a tool to gain mechanistic understanding of adverse effects in response to compound exposure. However, little is known about how the common handling procedures of experimental animals during a preclinical study alter baseline gene expression. We report gene expression ch...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24551150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088750 |
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author | He, Yudong D. Karbowski, Christine M. Werner, Jon Everds, Nancy Di Palma, Chris Chen, Yuan Higgins-Garn, Marnie Tran, Sandra Afshari, Cynthia A. Hamadeh, Hisham K. |
author_facet | He, Yudong D. Karbowski, Christine M. Werner, Jon Everds, Nancy Di Palma, Chris Chen, Yuan Higgins-Garn, Marnie Tran, Sandra Afshari, Cynthia A. Hamadeh, Hisham K. |
author_sort | He, Yudong D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gene expression profiling is a tool to gain mechanistic understanding of adverse effects in response to compound exposure. However, little is known about how the common handling procedures of experimental animals during a preclinical study alter baseline gene expression. We report gene expression changes in the livers of female Sprague-Dawley rats following common handling procedures. Baseline gene expression changes identified in this study provide insight on how these changes may affect interpretation of gene expression profiles following compound exposure. Rats were divided into three groups. One group was not subjected to handling procedures and served as controls for both handled groups. Animals in the other two groups were weighed, subjected to restraint in Broome restrainers, and administered water via oral gavage daily for 1 or 4 days with tail vein blood collections at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours postdose on days 1 and 4. Significantly altered genes were identified in livers of animals following 1 or 4 days of handling when compared to the unhandled animals. Gene changes in animals handled for 4 days were similar to those handled for 1 day, suggesting a lack of habituation. The altered genes were primarily immune function related genes. These findings, along with a correlating increase in corticosterone levels suggest that common handling procedures may cause a minor immune system perturbance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3925150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39251502014-02-18 Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats He, Yudong D. Karbowski, Christine M. Werner, Jon Everds, Nancy Di Palma, Chris Chen, Yuan Higgins-Garn, Marnie Tran, Sandra Afshari, Cynthia A. Hamadeh, Hisham K. PLoS One Research Article Gene expression profiling is a tool to gain mechanistic understanding of adverse effects in response to compound exposure. However, little is known about how the common handling procedures of experimental animals during a preclinical study alter baseline gene expression. We report gene expression changes in the livers of female Sprague-Dawley rats following common handling procedures. Baseline gene expression changes identified in this study provide insight on how these changes may affect interpretation of gene expression profiles following compound exposure. Rats were divided into three groups. One group was not subjected to handling procedures and served as controls for both handled groups. Animals in the other two groups were weighed, subjected to restraint in Broome restrainers, and administered water via oral gavage daily for 1 or 4 days with tail vein blood collections at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours postdose on days 1 and 4. Significantly altered genes were identified in livers of animals following 1 or 4 days of handling when compared to the unhandled animals. Gene changes in animals handled for 4 days were similar to those handled for 1 day, suggesting a lack of habituation. The altered genes were primarily immune function related genes. These findings, along with a correlating increase in corticosterone levels suggest that common handling procedures may cause a minor immune system perturbance. Public Library of Science 2014-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3925150/ /pubmed/24551150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088750 Text en © 2014 Karbowski et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article He, Yudong D. Karbowski, Christine M. Werner, Jon Everds, Nancy Di Palma, Chris Chen, Yuan Higgins-Garn, Marnie Tran, Sandra Afshari, Cynthia A. Hamadeh, Hisham K. Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title | Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_full | Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_fullStr | Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_short | Common Handling Procedures Conducted in Preclinical Safety Studies Result in Minimal Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_sort | common handling procedures conducted in preclinical safety studies result in minimal hepatic gene expression changes in sprague-dawley rats |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24551150 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088750 |
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