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Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a recently published meta-analysis of six studies on 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). METHODS: Calculation of fraction observed and expected genotype frequencies and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of cases and controls. LL,SL and SS genotype freq...

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Autores principales: Janssen, Paddy K. C., Olivier, Berend, Zwinderman, Aeilko H., Waldinger, Marcel D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595335
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088031
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author Janssen, Paddy K. C.
Olivier, Berend
Zwinderman, Aeilko H.
Waldinger, Marcel D.
author_facet Janssen, Paddy K. C.
Olivier, Berend
Zwinderman, Aeilko H.
Waldinger, Marcel D.
author_sort Janssen, Paddy K. C.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To analyze a recently published meta-analysis of six studies on 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). METHODS: Calculation of fraction observed and expected genotype frequencies and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of cases and controls. LL,SL and SS genotype frequencies of patients were subtracted from genotype frequencies of an ideal population (LL25%, SL50%, SS25%, p = 1 for HWE). Analysis of PCRs of six studies and re-analysis of the analysis and Odds ratios (ORs) reported in the recently published meta-analysis. RESULTS: Three studies deviated from HWE in patients and one study deviated from HWE in controls. In three studies in-HWE the mean deviation of genotype frequencies from a theoretical population not-deviating from HWE was small: LL(1.7%), SL(−2.3%), SS(0.6%). In three studies not-in-HWE the mean deviation of genotype frequencies was high: LL(−3.3%), SL(−18.5%) and SS(21.8%) with very low percentage SL genotype concurrent with very high percentage SS genotype. The most serious PCR deviations were reported in the three not-in-HWE studies. The three in-HWE studies had normal OR. In contrast, the three not-in-HWE studies had a low OR. CONCLUSIONS: In three studies not-in-HWE and with very low OR, inadequate PCR analysis and/or inadequate interpretation of its gel electrophoresis resulted in very low SL and a resulting shift to very high SS genotype frequency outcome. Consequently, PCRs of these three studies are not reliable. Failure to note the inadequacy of PCR tests makes such PCRs a confounding factor in clinical interpretation of genetic studies. Currently, a meta-analysis can only be performed on three studies-in-HWE. However, based on the three studies-in-HWE with OR of about 1 there is not any indication that in men with lifelong PE the frequency of LL,SL and SS genotype deviates from the general male population and/or that the SL or SS genotype is in any way associated with lifelong PE.
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spelling pubmed-39404252014-03-06 Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies Janssen, Paddy K. C. Olivier, Berend Zwinderman, Aeilko H. Waldinger, Marcel D. PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: To analyze a recently published meta-analysis of six studies on 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). METHODS: Calculation of fraction observed and expected genotype frequencies and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of cases and controls. LL,SL and SS genotype frequencies of patients were subtracted from genotype frequencies of an ideal population (LL25%, SL50%, SS25%, p = 1 for HWE). Analysis of PCRs of six studies and re-analysis of the analysis and Odds ratios (ORs) reported in the recently published meta-analysis. RESULTS: Three studies deviated from HWE in patients and one study deviated from HWE in controls. In three studies in-HWE the mean deviation of genotype frequencies from a theoretical population not-deviating from HWE was small: LL(1.7%), SL(−2.3%), SS(0.6%). In three studies not-in-HWE the mean deviation of genotype frequencies was high: LL(−3.3%), SL(−18.5%) and SS(21.8%) with very low percentage SL genotype concurrent with very high percentage SS genotype. The most serious PCR deviations were reported in the three not-in-HWE studies. The three in-HWE studies had normal OR. In contrast, the three not-in-HWE studies had a low OR. CONCLUSIONS: In three studies not-in-HWE and with very low OR, inadequate PCR analysis and/or inadequate interpretation of its gel electrophoresis resulted in very low SL and a resulting shift to very high SS genotype frequency outcome. Consequently, PCRs of these three studies are not reliable. Failure to note the inadequacy of PCR tests makes such PCRs a confounding factor in clinical interpretation of genetic studies. Currently, a meta-analysis can only be performed on three studies-in-HWE. However, based on the three studies-in-HWE with OR of about 1 there is not any indication that in men with lifelong PE the frequency of LL,SL and SS genotype deviates from the general male population and/or that the SL or SS genotype is in any way associated with lifelong PE. Public Library of Science 2014-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3940425/ /pubmed/24595335 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088031 Text en © 2014 Janssen et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Janssen, Paddy K. C.
Olivier, Berend
Zwinderman, Aeilko H.
Waldinger, Marcel D.
Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies
title Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies
title_full Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies
title_fullStr Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies
title_full_unstemmed Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies
title_short Measurement Errors in Polymerase Chain Reaction Are a Confounding Factor for a Correct Interpretation of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism Effects on Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Critical Analysis of a Previously Published Meta-Analysis of Six Studies
title_sort measurement errors in polymerase chain reaction are a confounding factor for a correct interpretation of 5-httlpr polymorphism effects on lifelong premature ejaculation: a critical analysis of a previously published meta-analysis of six studies
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595335
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088031
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