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The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition
Evidence suggests that individual variability in lifetime exposures influences how cognitive performance changes with advancing age. Brain maintenance and cognitive reserve are theories meant to account for preserved performance despite advancing age. These theories differ in their causal mechanisms...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3953380/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24625888 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091196 |
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author | Steffener, Jason Barulli, Daniel Habeck, Christian O’Shea, Deirdre Razlighi, Qolamreza Stern, Yaakov |
author_facet | Steffener, Jason Barulli, Daniel Habeck, Christian O’Shea, Deirdre Razlighi, Qolamreza Stern, Yaakov |
author_sort | Steffener, Jason |
collection | PubMed |
description | Evidence suggests that individual variability in lifetime exposures influences how cognitive performance changes with advancing age. Brain maintenance and cognitive reserve are theories meant to account for preserved performance despite advancing age. These theories differ in their causal mechanisms. Brain maintenance predicts more advantageous lifetime exposures will reduce age-related neural differences. Cognitive reserve predicts that lifetime exposures will not directly reduce these differences but minimize their impact on cognitive performance. The present work used moderated-mediation modeling to investigate the contributions of these mechanisms at explaining variability in cognitive performance among a group of 39 healthy younger (mean age (standard deviation) 25.9 (2.92) and 45 healthy older adults (65.2 (2.79)). Cognitive scores were computed using composite measures from three separate domains (speed of processing, fluid reasoning, and memory), while their lifetime exposures were estimated using education and verbal IQ measures. T1-weighted MR images were used to measure cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. Results suggest a stronger role for cognitive reserve mechanisms in explaining age-related cognitive variability: even with age-related reduced gray matter, individuals with greater lifetime exposures could perform better given their quantity of brain measures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3953380 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-39533802014-03-18 The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition Steffener, Jason Barulli, Daniel Habeck, Christian O’Shea, Deirdre Razlighi, Qolamreza Stern, Yaakov PLoS One Research Article Evidence suggests that individual variability in lifetime exposures influences how cognitive performance changes with advancing age. Brain maintenance and cognitive reserve are theories meant to account for preserved performance despite advancing age. These theories differ in their causal mechanisms. Brain maintenance predicts more advantageous lifetime exposures will reduce age-related neural differences. Cognitive reserve predicts that lifetime exposures will not directly reduce these differences but minimize their impact on cognitive performance. The present work used moderated-mediation modeling to investigate the contributions of these mechanisms at explaining variability in cognitive performance among a group of 39 healthy younger (mean age (standard deviation) 25.9 (2.92) and 45 healthy older adults (65.2 (2.79)). Cognitive scores were computed using composite measures from three separate domains (speed of processing, fluid reasoning, and memory), while their lifetime exposures were estimated using education and verbal IQ measures. T1-weighted MR images were used to measure cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. Results suggest a stronger role for cognitive reserve mechanisms in explaining age-related cognitive variability: even with age-related reduced gray matter, individuals with greater lifetime exposures could perform better given their quantity of brain measures. Public Library of Science 2014-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3953380/ /pubmed/24625888 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091196 Text en © 2014 Steffener et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Steffener, Jason Barulli, Daniel Habeck, Christian O’Shea, Deirdre Razlighi, Qolamreza Stern, Yaakov The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition |
title | The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition |
title_full | The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition |
title_fullStr | The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition |
title_short | The Role of Education and Verbal Abilities in Altering the Effect of Age-Related Gray Matter Differences on Cognition |
title_sort | role of education and verbal abilities in altering the effect of age-related gray matter differences on cognition |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3953380/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24625888 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091196 |
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