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Neuroadaptive Changes Associated with Smoking: Structural and Functional Neural Changes in Nicotine Dependence
Tobacco smoking is the most frequent form of substance abuse. We provide a review of the neuroadaptive changes evidenced in human smokers with regard to the current neurobiological models of addiction. Addiction is thought to result from an interplay between positive and negative reinforcement. Posi...
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| Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
| Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2013
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| Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061825/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24961312 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci3010159 |