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Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key regulators of innate immune and inflammatory responses and their activation is linked to impaired glucose metabolism during metabolic disease. Determination of whether TLR4 signaling can be activated in the heart by insulin may shed light on the pathogenesis of diab...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105691/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25101057 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00120 |
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author | de Laat, Melody A. Gruntmeir, Kaylynn J. Pollitt, Christopher C. McGowan, Catherine M. Sillence, Martin N. Lacombe, Véronique A. |
author_facet | de Laat, Melody A. Gruntmeir, Kaylynn J. Pollitt, Christopher C. McGowan, Catherine M. Sillence, Martin N. Lacombe, Véronique A. |
author_sort | de Laat, Melody A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key regulators of innate immune and inflammatory responses and their activation is linked to impaired glucose metabolism during metabolic disease. Determination of whether TLR4 signaling can be activated in the heart by insulin may shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a process that is often complicated by obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to determine if supraphysiological insulin concentrations alter the expression of TLR4, markers of TLR4 signaling and glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the heart. Firstly, the effect of insulin on TLR4 protein expression was investigated in vitro in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. Secondly, protein expression of TLR4, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and GLUTs (1, 4, 8, 12) were examined in the equine ventricular myocardium following a prolonged, euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp. Down-regulation of TLR4 protein content in rat cardiac myocytes was observed after incubation with a supraphysiologic concentration of insulin as well as in the equine myocardium after prolonged insulin infusion. Further, cardiac TLR4 expression was negatively correlated with serum insulin concentration. Markers of cardiac TLR4 signaling and GLUT expression were not affected by hyperinsulinemia and concomitant TLR4 down-regulation. Since TLRs are major determinants of the inflammatory response, our findings suggest that insulin infusion exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in the hearts of non-obese individuals. Understanding the regulation of cardiac TLR4 signaling during metabolic dysfunction will facilitate improved management of cardiac sequela to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4105691 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41056912014-08-06 Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart de Laat, Melody A. Gruntmeir, Kaylynn J. Pollitt, Christopher C. McGowan, Catherine M. Sillence, Martin N. Lacombe, Véronique A. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key regulators of innate immune and inflammatory responses and their activation is linked to impaired glucose metabolism during metabolic disease. Determination of whether TLR4 signaling can be activated in the heart by insulin may shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a process that is often complicated by obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to determine if supraphysiological insulin concentrations alter the expression of TLR4, markers of TLR4 signaling and glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the heart. Firstly, the effect of insulin on TLR4 protein expression was investigated in vitro in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. Secondly, protein expression of TLR4, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and GLUTs (1, 4, 8, 12) were examined in the equine ventricular myocardium following a prolonged, euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp. Down-regulation of TLR4 protein content in rat cardiac myocytes was observed after incubation with a supraphysiologic concentration of insulin as well as in the equine myocardium after prolonged insulin infusion. Further, cardiac TLR4 expression was negatively correlated with serum insulin concentration. Markers of cardiac TLR4 signaling and GLUT expression were not affected by hyperinsulinemia and concomitant TLR4 down-regulation. Since TLRs are major determinants of the inflammatory response, our findings suggest that insulin infusion exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in the hearts of non-obese individuals. Understanding the regulation of cardiac TLR4 signaling during metabolic dysfunction will facilitate improved management of cardiac sequela to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4105691/ /pubmed/25101057 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00120 Text en Copyright © 2014 de Laat, Gruntmeir, Pollitt, McGowan, Sillence and Lacombe. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology de Laat, Melody A. Gruntmeir, Kaylynn J. Pollitt, Christopher C. McGowan, Catherine M. Sillence, Martin N. Lacombe, Véronique A. Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart |
title | Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart |
title_full | Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart |
title_fullStr | Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart |
title_full_unstemmed | Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart |
title_short | Hyperinsulinemia Down-Regulates TLR4 Expression in the Mammalian Heart |
title_sort | hyperinsulinemia down-regulates tlr4 expression in the mammalian heart |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105691/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25101057 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00120 |
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