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Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this stud...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Society Of Toxicology
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25071919 |
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author | Son, Ji Yeon Kang, Yoon Jong Kim, Kyeong Seok Kim, Tae Hyung Lim, Sung Kwang Lim, Hyun Jung Jeong, Tae Cheon Choi, Dal Woong Chung, Kyu Hyuck Lee, Byung Mu Kim, Hyung Sik |
author_facet | Son, Ji Yeon Kang, Yoon Jong Kim, Kyeong Seok Kim, Tae Hyung Lim, Sung Kwang Lim, Hyun Jung Jeong, Tae Cheon Choi, Dal Woong Chung, Kyu Hyuck Lee, Byung Mu Kim, Hyung Sik |
author_sort | Son, Ji Yeon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4112071 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | The Korean Society Of Toxicology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41120712014-07-28 Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Son, Ji Yeon Kang, Yoon Jong Kim, Kyeong Seok Kim, Tae Hyung Lim, Sung Kwang Lim, Hyun Jung Jeong, Tae Cheon Choi, Dal Woong Chung, Kyu Hyuck Lee, Byung Mu Kim, Hyung Sik Toxicol Res Articles Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods. The Korean Society Of Toxicology 2014-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4112071/ /pubmed/25071919 Text en Copyright © 2014, The Korean Society Of Toxicology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Articles Son, Ji Yeon Kang, Yoon Jong Kim, Kyeong Seok Kim, Tae Hyung Lim, Sung Kwang Lim, Hyun Jung Jeong, Tae Cheon Choi, Dal Woong Chung, Kyu Hyuck Lee, Byung Mu Kim, Hyung Sik Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title | Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_full | Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_short | Evaluation of Renal Toxicity by Combination Exposure to Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats |
title_sort | evaluation of renal toxicity by combination exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid in male sprague-dawley rats |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25071919 |
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