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Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models
Human type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered to be an autoimmune disease, with CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity being directed against the insulin-producing beta cells, leading to a gradual decrease in beta cell mass and the development of chronic hyperglycemia. The histopathologically defining lesion...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4186970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005747 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0438-4 |
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author | In’t Veld, Peter |
author_facet | In’t Veld, Peter |
author_sort | In’t Veld, Peter |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered to be an autoimmune disease, with CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity being directed against the insulin-producing beta cells, leading to a gradual decrease in beta cell mass and the development of chronic hyperglycemia. The histopathologically defining lesion in recent-onset T1D patients is insulitis, a relatively subtle leucocytic infiltration present in approximately 10 % of the islets of Langerhans from children with recent-onset (<1 year) disease. Due to the transient nature of the infiltrate, its heterogeneous distribution in the pancreas and the nature of the patient population, material for research is extremely rare and limited to a cumulative total of approximately 150 cases collected over the past century. Most studies on the etiopathogenesis of T1D have therefore focused on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, which shares many genetic and immunological disease characteristics with human T1D, although its islet histopathology is remarkably different. In view of these differences and in view of the limited success of clinical immune interventions based on observations in the NOD mouse, there is a renewed focus on studying the pathogenetic process in patient material. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4186970 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41869702014-10-09 Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models In’t Veld, Peter Semin Immunopathol Review Human type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered to be an autoimmune disease, with CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity being directed against the insulin-producing beta cells, leading to a gradual decrease in beta cell mass and the development of chronic hyperglycemia. The histopathologically defining lesion in recent-onset T1D patients is insulitis, a relatively subtle leucocytic infiltration present in approximately 10 % of the islets of Langerhans from children with recent-onset (<1 year) disease. Due to the transient nature of the infiltrate, its heterogeneous distribution in the pancreas and the nature of the patient population, material for research is extremely rare and limited to a cumulative total of approximately 150 cases collected over the past century. Most studies on the etiopathogenesis of T1D have therefore focused on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, which shares many genetic and immunological disease characteristics with human T1D, although its islet histopathology is remarkably different. In view of these differences and in view of the limited success of clinical immune interventions based on observations in the NOD mouse, there is a renewed focus on studying the pathogenetic process in patient material. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2014-07-09 2014 /pmc/articles/PMC4186970/ /pubmed/25005747 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0438-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2014 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review In’t Veld, Peter Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models |
title | Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models |
title_full | Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models |
title_fullStr | Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models |
title_full_unstemmed | Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models |
title_short | Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models |
title_sort | insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4186970/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25005747 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-014-0438-4 |
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