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Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells

BACKGROUND: Rg(3), a major ginsenoside derived from heat-processed ginseng, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. In our previous studies, Rg(3) inhibited phorbol ester-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and NF-κB activation in cultured human mammary epithel...

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Autores principales: Kim, Bo-Min, Kim, Do-Hee, Park, Jeong-Hill, Na, Hye-Kyung, Surh, Young-Joon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society of Cancer Prevention 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4189457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337544
http://dx.doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2013.18.2.177
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author Kim, Bo-Min
Kim, Do-Hee
Park, Jeong-Hill
Na, Hye-Kyung
Surh, Young-Joon
author_facet Kim, Bo-Min
Kim, Do-Hee
Park, Jeong-Hill
Na, Hye-Kyung
Surh, Young-Joon
author_sort Kim, Bo-Min
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Rg(3), a major ginsenoside derived from heat-processed ginseng, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. In our previous studies, Rg(3) inhibited phorbol ester-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and NF-κB activation in cultured human mammary epithelial (MCF-10A) cells and in mouse skin in vivo. In this study, we investigated Rg(3)-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells and underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: After Rg3 treatment, apoptotic cell death of MDA-MB-231 cell was investigated by the MTT reduction assay and measurement of the mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and detection of apoptotic cells as well as measurement of reactive oxygen species. Expression of apoptotic-related proteins was determined by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: MDA-MB-231 cells treated with Rg(3) (30μM) exhibited the increased proportion of hypodiploid or apoptotic cells. Rg(3) treatment resulted in an increase in the ratio of proapoptotic Bax to antiapoptotic Bcl-2, depolarization of the mitochondria membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Rg(3) also induced the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, which was attenuated by a caspase-3 inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is likely that Rg(3) induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via classical mitochondria-dependent caspase activation. These data suggest that Rg(3) might be a potential candidate as a breast cancer chemopreventive agent.
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spelling pubmed-41894572014-10-21 Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells Kim, Bo-Min Kim, Do-Hee Park, Jeong-Hill Na, Hye-Kyung Surh, Young-Joon J Cancer Prev Original Article BACKGROUND: Rg(3), a major ginsenoside derived from heat-processed ginseng, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. In our previous studies, Rg(3) inhibited phorbol ester-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and NF-κB activation in cultured human mammary epithelial (MCF-10A) cells and in mouse skin in vivo. In this study, we investigated Rg(3)-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells and underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: After Rg3 treatment, apoptotic cell death of MDA-MB-231 cell was investigated by the MTT reduction assay and measurement of the mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and detection of apoptotic cells as well as measurement of reactive oxygen species. Expression of apoptotic-related proteins was determined by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: MDA-MB-231 cells treated with Rg(3) (30μM) exhibited the increased proportion of hypodiploid or apoptotic cells. Rg(3) treatment resulted in an increase in the ratio of proapoptotic Bax to antiapoptotic Bcl-2, depolarization of the mitochondria membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Rg(3) also induced the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, which was attenuated by a caspase-3 inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is likely that Rg(3) induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells via classical mitochondria-dependent caspase activation. These data suggest that Rg(3) might be a potential candidate as a breast cancer chemopreventive agent. Korean Society of Cancer Prevention 2013-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4189457/ /pubmed/25337544 http://dx.doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2013.18.2.177 Text en Copyright © 2013 Korean Society of Cancer Prevention This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Kim, Bo-Min
Kim, Do-Hee
Park, Jeong-Hill
Na, Hye-Kyung
Surh, Young-Joon
Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
title Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
title_full Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
title_fullStr Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
title_full_unstemmed Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
title_short Ginsenoside Rg(3) Induces Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells
title_sort ginsenoside rg(3) induces apoptosis of human breast cancer (mda-mb-231) cells
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4189457/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337544
http://dx.doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2013.18.2.177
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