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Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis

Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking in eukaryotic cells is a highly regulated and coordinated process which involves an increasing variety of soluble nuclear transport receptors. Generally, transport receptors specifically bind their cargo and facilitate its transition through nuclear pore complexes, aque...

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Autores principales: Monecke, Thomas, Dickmanns, Achim, Ficner, Ralf
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4231977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24823279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.12842
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author Monecke, Thomas
Dickmanns, Achim
Ficner, Ralf
author_facet Monecke, Thomas
Dickmanns, Achim
Ficner, Ralf
author_sort Monecke, Thomas
collection PubMed
description Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking in eukaryotic cells is a highly regulated and coordinated process which involves an increasing variety of soluble nuclear transport receptors. Generally, transport receptors specifically bind their cargo and facilitate its transition through nuclear pore complexes, aqueous channels connecting the two compartments. Directionality of such transport events by receptors of the importin β superfamily requires the interaction with the small GTPase Ras-related nuclear antigen (Ran). While importins need RanGTP to release their cargo in the nucleus and thus to terminate import, exportins recruit cargo in the RanGTP-bound state. The exportin chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a highly versatile transport receptor that exports a plethora of different protein and RNP cargoes. Moreover, binding of RanGTP and of cargo to CRM1 are highly cooperative events despite the fact that cargo and RanGTP do not interact directly in crystal structures of assembled export complexes. Integrative approaches have recently unraveled the individual steps of the CRM1 transport cycle at a structural level and explained how the HEAT-repeat architecture of CRM1 provides a framework for the key elements to mediate allosteric interactions with RanGTP, Ran binding proteins and cargo. Moreover, during the last decade, CRM1 has become a more and more appreciated target for anti-cancer drugs. Hence, detailed understanding of the flexibility, the regulatory features and the positive binding cooperativity between CRM1, Ran and cargo is a prerequisite for the development of highly effective drugs. Here we review recent structural advances in the characterization of CRM1 and CRM1-containing complexes with a special emphasis on X-ray crystallographic studies.
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spelling pubmed-42319772014-12-15 Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis Monecke, Thomas Dickmanns, Achim Ficner, Ralf FEBS J Protein Mechanism From Structure Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking in eukaryotic cells is a highly regulated and coordinated process which involves an increasing variety of soluble nuclear transport receptors. Generally, transport receptors specifically bind their cargo and facilitate its transition through nuclear pore complexes, aqueous channels connecting the two compartments. Directionality of such transport events by receptors of the importin β superfamily requires the interaction with the small GTPase Ras-related nuclear antigen (Ran). While importins need RanGTP to release their cargo in the nucleus and thus to terminate import, exportins recruit cargo in the RanGTP-bound state. The exportin chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a highly versatile transport receptor that exports a plethora of different protein and RNP cargoes. Moreover, binding of RanGTP and of cargo to CRM1 are highly cooperative events despite the fact that cargo and RanGTP do not interact directly in crystal structures of assembled export complexes. Integrative approaches have recently unraveled the individual steps of the CRM1 transport cycle at a structural level and explained how the HEAT-repeat architecture of CRM1 provides a framework for the key elements to mediate allosteric interactions with RanGTP, Ran binding proteins and cargo. Moreover, during the last decade, CRM1 has become a more and more appreciated target for anti-cancer drugs. Hence, detailed understanding of the flexibility, the regulatory features and the positive binding cooperativity between CRM1, Ran and cargo is a prerequisite for the development of highly effective drugs. Here we review recent structural advances in the characterization of CRM1 and CRM1-containing complexes with a special emphasis on X-ray crystallographic studies. BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014-09 2014-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4231977/ /pubmed/24823279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.12842 Text en Copyright © 2014 Federation of European Biochemical Societies http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Protein Mechanism From Structure
Monecke, Thomas
Dickmanns, Achim
Ficner, Ralf
Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis
title Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis
title_full Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis
title_fullStr Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis
title_full_unstemmed Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis
title_short Allosteric control of the exportin CRM1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis
title_sort allosteric control of the exportin crm1 unraveled by crystal structure analysis
topic Protein Mechanism From Structure
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4231977/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24823279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.12842
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