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Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypica...

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Autor principal: Thom, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24762203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12150
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author Thom, Maria
author_facet Thom, Maria
author_sort Thom, Maria
collection PubMed
description Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypical (type 2 and 3) groups, based on the histological patterns of subfield neuronal loss and gliosis. In addition, granule cell reorganization and alterations of interneuronal populations, neuropeptide fibre networks and mossy fibre sprouting are distinctive features of HS associated with epilepsies; they can be useful diagnostic aids to discriminate from other causes of HS, as well as highlighting potential mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis. The cause of HS remains elusive and may be multifactorial; the contribution of febrile seizures, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory and neurodevelopmental factors are discussed. Post-mortem based research in HS, as an addition to studies on surgical samples, has the added advantage of enabling the study of the wider network changes associated with HS, the long-term effects of epilepsy on the pathology and associated comorbidities. It is likely that HS is heterogeneous in aspects of its cause, epileptogenetic mechanisms, network alterations and response to medical and surgical treatments. Future neuropathological studies will contribute to better recognition and understanding of these clinical and patho-aetiological subtypes of HS.
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spelling pubmed-42652062014-12-19 Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review Thom, Maria Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol Review Article Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypical (type 2 and 3) groups, based on the histological patterns of subfield neuronal loss and gliosis. In addition, granule cell reorganization and alterations of interneuronal populations, neuropeptide fibre networks and mossy fibre sprouting are distinctive features of HS associated with epilepsies; they can be useful diagnostic aids to discriminate from other causes of HS, as well as highlighting potential mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis. The cause of HS remains elusive and may be multifactorial; the contribution of febrile seizures, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory and neurodevelopmental factors are discussed. Post-mortem based research in HS, as an addition to studies on surgical samples, has the added advantage of enabling the study of the wider network changes associated with HS, the long-term effects of epilepsy on the pathology and associated comorbidities. It is likely that HS is heterogeneous in aspects of its cause, epileptogenetic mechanisms, network alterations and response to medical and surgical treatments. Future neuropathological studies will contribute to better recognition and understanding of these clinical and patho-aetiological subtypes of HS. BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014-08 2014-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4265206/ /pubmed/24762203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12150 Text en © 2014 The Author. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Neuropathological Society. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Thom, Maria
Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
title Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
title_full Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
title_fullStr Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
title_full_unstemmed Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
title_short Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
title_sort review: hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265206/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24762203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12150
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