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Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypica...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BlackWell Publishing Ltd
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24762203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12150 |
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author | Thom, Maria |
author_facet | Thom, Maria |
author_sort | Thom, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypical (type 2 and 3) groups, based on the histological patterns of subfield neuronal loss and gliosis. In addition, granule cell reorganization and alterations of interneuronal populations, neuropeptide fibre networks and mossy fibre sprouting are distinctive features of HS associated with epilepsies; they can be useful diagnostic aids to discriminate from other causes of HS, as well as highlighting potential mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis. The cause of HS remains elusive and may be multifactorial; the contribution of febrile seizures, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory and neurodevelopmental factors are discussed. Post-mortem based research in HS, as an addition to studies on surgical samples, has the added advantage of enabling the study of the wider network changes associated with HS, the long-term effects of epilepsy on the pathology and associated comorbidities. It is likely that HS is heterogeneous in aspects of its cause, epileptogenetic mechanisms, network alterations and response to medical and surgical treatments. Future neuropathological studies will contribute to better recognition and understanding of these clinical and patho-aetiological subtypes of HS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4265206 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BlackWell Publishing Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42652062014-12-19 Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review Thom, Maria Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol Review Article Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypical (type 2 and 3) groups, based on the histological patterns of subfield neuronal loss and gliosis. In addition, granule cell reorganization and alterations of interneuronal populations, neuropeptide fibre networks and mossy fibre sprouting are distinctive features of HS associated with epilepsies; they can be useful diagnostic aids to discriminate from other causes of HS, as well as highlighting potential mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis. The cause of HS remains elusive and may be multifactorial; the contribution of febrile seizures, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory and neurodevelopmental factors are discussed. Post-mortem based research in HS, as an addition to studies on surgical samples, has the added advantage of enabling the study of the wider network changes associated with HS, the long-term effects of epilepsy on the pathology and associated comorbidities. It is likely that HS is heterogeneous in aspects of its cause, epileptogenetic mechanisms, network alterations and response to medical and surgical treatments. Future neuropathological studies will contribute to better recognition and understanding of these clinical and patho-aetiological subtypes of HS. BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014-08 2014-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4265206/ /pubmed/24762203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12150 Text en © 2014 The Author. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Neuropathological Society. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Thom, Maria Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review |
title | Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review |
title_full | Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review |
title_fullStr | Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review |
title_full_unstemmed | Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review |
title_short | Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review |
title_sort | review: hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4265206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24762203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nan.12150 |
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