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Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription
In spite of prolonged and intensive treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which efficiently suppresses plasma viremia, the integrated provirus of HIV-1 persists in resting memory CD4(+) T cells as latent infection. Treatment with cART does not substantially reduce the burden of late...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4345301/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mtna.2014.67 |
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author | Suzuki, Kazuo Ahlenstiel, Chantelle Marks, Katherine Kelleher, Anthony D |
author_facet | Suzuki, Kazuo Ahlenstiel, Chantelle Marks, Katherine Kelleher, Anthony D |
author_sort | Suzuki, Kazuo |
collection | PubMed |
description | In spite of prolonged and intensive treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which efficiently suppresses plasma viremia, the integrated provirus of HIV-1 persists in resting memory CD4(+) T cells as latent infection. Treatment with cART does not substantially reduce the burden of latent infection. Once cART is ceased, HIV-1 replication recrudesces from these reservoirs in the overwhelming majority of patients. There is increasing evidence supporting a role for noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs (miRNAs), antisense (as)RNAs, and short interfering (si)RNA in the regulation of HIV-1 transcription. This appears to be mediated by interaction with the HIV-1 promoter region. Viral miRNAs have the potential to act as positive or negative regulators of HIV transcription. Moreover, inhibition of virally encoded long-asRNA can induce positive transcriptional regulation, while antisense strands of siRNA targeting the NF-κB region suppress viral transcription. An in-depth understanding of the interaction between ncRNAs and the HIV-1 U3 promoter region may lead to new approaches for the control of HIV reservoirs. This review focuses on promoter associated ncRNAs, with particular emphasis on their role in determining whether HIV-1 establishes active or latent infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4345301 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43453012015-03-09 Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription Suzuki, Kazuo Ahlenstiel, Chantelle Marks, Katherine Kelleher, Anthony D Mol Ther Nucleic Acids Review In spite of prolonged and intensive treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), which efficiently suppresses plasma viremia, the integrated provirus of HIV-1 persists in resting memory CD4(+) T cells as latent infection. Treatment with cART does not substantially reduce the burden of latent infection. Once cART is ceased, HIV-1 replication recrudesces from these reservoirs in the overwhelming majority of patients. There is increasing evidence supporting a role for noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs (miRNAs), antisense (as)RNAs, and short interfering (si)RNA in the regulation of HIV-1 transcription. This appears to be mediated by interaction with the HIV-1 promoter region. Viral miRNAs have the potential to act as positive or negative regulators of HIV transcription. Moreover, inhibition of virally encoded long-asRNA can induce positive transcriptional regulation, while antisense strands of siRNA targeting the NF-κB region suppress viral transcription. An in-depth understanding of the interaction between ncRNAs and the HIV-1 U3 promoter region may lead to new approaches for the control of HIV reservoirs. This review focuses on promoter associated ncRNAs, with particular emphasis on their role in determining whether HIV-1 establishes active or latent infection. Nature Publishing Group 2015-01 2015-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4345301/ /pubmed/25625613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mtna.2014.67 Text en Copyright © 2015 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Suzuki, Kazuo Ahlenstiel, Chantelle Marks, Katherine Kelleher, Anthony D Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription |
title | Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription |
title_full | Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription |
title_fullStr | Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription |
title_full_unstemmed | Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription |
title_short | Promoter Targeting RNAs: Unexpected Contributors to the Control of HIV-1 Transcription |
title_sort | promoter targeting rnas: unexpected contributors to the control of hiv-1 transcription |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4345301/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mtna.2014.67 |
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