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Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation
BACKGROUND AND AIM: In the United States, the fast food companies McDonald’s and Burger King participate in marketing self-regulation programs that aim to limit emphasis on premiums and promote emphasis of healthy food choices. We determine what children recall from fast food television advertisemen...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119300 |
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author | Bernhardt, Amy M. Wilking, Cara Gilbert-Diamond, Diane Emond, Jennifer A. Sargent, James D. |
author_facet | Bernhardt, Amy M. Wilking, Cara Gilbert-Diamond, Diane Emond, Jennifer A. Sargent, James D. |
author_sort | Bernhardt, Amy M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIM: In the United States, the fast food companies McDonald’s and Burger King participate in marketing self-regulation programs that aim to limit emphasis on premiums and promote emphasis of healthy food choices. We determine what children recall from fast food television advertisements aired by these companies. METHODS: One hundred children aged 3–7 years were shown McDonald’s and Burger King children’s (MDC & BKC) and adult (MDA & BKA) meal ads, randomly drawn from ads that aired on national US television from 2010–11. Immediately after seeing the ad, children were asked to recall what they had seen and transcripts evaluated for descriptors of food, healthy food (apples or milk), and premiums/tie-ins. RESULTS: Premiums/tie-ins were common in children’s but rarely appeared in adult ads, and all children’s ads contained images of healthy foods (apples and milk). Participants were significantly less likely to recall any food after viewing the children’s vs. the adult ad (MDC 32% [95% confidence interval 23, 41] vs. MDA 68% [59, 77]) p <0.001; BKC 46% [39, 56] vs. BKA 67% [58, 76] respectively, p = 0.002). For children’s ads alone and for both restaurants, recall frequency for all food was not significantly different from premium/tie-ins, and participants were significantly more likely to recall other food items than apples or milk. Moreover, premiums/tie-ins were recalled much more frequently than healthy food (MDC 45% [35, 55] vs. 9% [3, 15] p<0.001; BKC 54% [44, 64] vs. 2% [0, 5] respectively, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Children’s net impressions of television fast food advertising indicate that industry self-regulation failed to achieve a de-emphasis on toy premiums and tie-ins and did not adequately communicate healthy menu choices. The methods devised for this study could be used to monitor and better regulate advertising patterns of practice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4349637 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43496372015-03-17 Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation Bernhardt, Amy M. Wilking, Cara Gilbert-Diamond, Diane Emond, Jennifer A. Sargent, James D. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: In the United States, the fast food companies McDonald’s and Burger King participate in marketing self-regulation programs that aim to limit emphasis on premiums and promote emphasis of healthy food choices. We determine what children recall from fast food television advertisements aired by these companies. METHODS: One hundred children aged 3–7 years were shown McDonald’s and Burger King children’s (MDC & BKC) and adult (MDA & BKA) meal ads, randomly drawn from ads that aired on national US television from 2010–11. Immediately after seeing the ad, children were asked to recall what they had seen and transcripts evaluated for descriptors of food, healthy food (apples or milk), and premiums/tie-ins. RESULTS: Premiums/tie-ins were common in children’s but rarely appeared in adult ads, and all children’s ads contained images of healthy foods (apples and milk). Participants were significantly less likely to recall any food after viewing the children’s vs. the adult ad (MDC 32% [95% confidence interval 23, 41] vs. MDA 68% [59, 77]) p <0.001; BKC 46% [39, 56] vs. BKA 67% [58, 76] respectively, p = 0.002). For children’s ads alone and for both restaurants, recall frequency for all food was not significantly different from premium/tie-ins, and participants were significantly more likely to recall other food items than apples or milk. Moreover, premiums/tie-ins were recalled much more frequently than healthy food (MDC 45% [35, 55] vs. 9% [3, 15] p<0.001; BKC 54% [44, 64] vs. 2% [0, 5] respectively, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Children’s net impressions of television fast food advertising indicate that industry self-regulation failed to achieve a de-emphasis on toy premiums and tie-ins and did not adequately communicate healthy menu choices. The methods devised for this study could be used to monitor and better regulate advertising patterns of practice. Public Library of Science 2015-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4349637/ /pubmed/25738653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119300 Text en © 2015 Bernhardt et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bernhardt, Amy M. Wilking, Cara Gilbert-Diamond, Diane Emond, Jennifer A. Sargent, James D. Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation |
title | Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation |
title_full | Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation |
title_fullStr | Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation |
title_full_unstemmed | Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation |
title_short | Children’s Recall of Fast Food Television Advertising—Testing the Adequacy of Food Marketing Regulation |
title_sort | children’s recall of fast food television advertising—testing the adequacy of food marketing regulation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349637/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738653 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119300 |
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