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Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs
Rho family GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 as the most studied members, are master regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization. Rho GTPases control various aspects of the nervous system and are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of Rh...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388020/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/632450 |
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author | Bai, Yanyang Xiang, Xiaoliang Liang, Chunmei Shi, Lei |
author_facet | Bai, Yanyang Xiang, Xiaoliang Liang, Chunmei Shi, Lei |
author_sort | Bai, Yanyang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rho family GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 as the most studied members, are master regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization. Rho GTPases control various aspects of the nervous system and are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of Rho GTPases is controlled by two families of regulators, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) as the activators and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) as the inhibitors. Through coordinated regulation by GEFs and GAPs, Rho GTPases act as converging signaling molecules that convey different upstream signals in the nervous system. So far, more than 70 members of either GEFs or GAPs of Rho GTPases have been identified in mammals, but only a small subset of them have well-known functions. Thus, characterization of important GEFs and GAPs in the nervous system is crucial for the understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics of Rho GTPase activity in different neuronal functions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of GEFs and GAPs for Rac1, with emphasis on the molecular function and disease implication of these regulators in the nervous system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4388020 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43880202015-04-15 Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs Bai, Yanyang Xiang, Xiaoliang Liang, Chunmei Shi, Lei Biomed Res Int Review Article Rho family GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 as the most studied members, are master regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization. Rho GTPases control various aspects of the nervous system and are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of Rho GTPases is controlled by two families of regulators, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) as the activators and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) as the inhibitors. Through coordinated regulation by GEFs and GAPs, Rho GTPases act as converging signaling molecules that convey different upstream signals in the nervous system. So far, more than 70 members of either GEFs or GAPs of Rho GTPases have been identified in mammals, but only a small subset of them have well-known functions. Thus, characterization of important GEFs and GAPs in the nervous system is crucial for the understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics of Rho GTPase activity in different neuronal functions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of GEFs and GAPs for Rac1, with emphasis on the molecular function and disease implication of these regulators in the nervous system. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4388020/ /pubmed/25879033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/632450 Text en Copyright © 2015 Yanyang Bai et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Bai, Yanyang Xiang, Xiaoliang Liang, Chunmei Shi, Lei Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs |
title | Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs |
title_full | Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs |
title_fullStr | Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs |
title_full_unstemmed | Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs |
title_short | Regulating Rac in the Nervous System: Molecular Function and Disease Implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs |
title_sort | regulating rac in the nervous system: molecular function and disease implication of rac gefs and gaps |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4388020/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/632450 |
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