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CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus
Many bacteria rely on CRISPR-Cas systems to provide adaptive immunity against phages, predation by which can shape the ecology and functioning of microbial communities. To characterize the impact of CRISPR immunization on phage genome evolution, we performed long-term bacterium-phage (Streptococcus...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society of Microbiology
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453577/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00262-15 |
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author | Paez-Espino, David Sharon, Itai Morovic, Wesley Stahl, Buffy Thomas, Brian C. Barrangou, Rodolphe Banfield, Jillian F. |
author_facet | Paez-Espino, David Sharon, Itai Morovic, Wesley Stahl, Buffy Thomas, Brian C. Barrangou, Rodolphe Banfield, Jillian F. |
author_sort | Paez-Espino, David |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many bacteria rely on CRISPR-Cas systems to provide adaptive immunity against phages, predation by which can shape the ecology and functioning of microbial communities. To characterize the impact of CRISPR immunization on phage genome evolution, we performed long-term bacterium-phage (Streptococcus thermophilus-phage 2972) coevolution experiments. We found that in this species, CRISPR immunity drives fixation of single nucleotide polymorphisms that accumulate exclusively in phage genome regions targeted by CRISPR. Mutation rates in phage genomes highly exceed those of the host. The presence of multiple phages increased phage persistence by enabling recombination-based formation of chimeric phage genomes in which sequences heavily targeted by CRISPR were replaced. Collectively, our results establish CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity as a key driver of phage genome evolution under the conditions studied and highlight the importance of multiple coexisting phages for persistence in natural systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4453577 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | American Society of Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44535772015-06-03 CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus Paez-Espino, David Sharon, Itai Morovic, Wesley Stahl, Buffy Thomas, Brian C. Barrangou, Rodolphe Banfield, Jillian F. mBio Research Article Many bacteria rely on CRISPR-Cas systems to provide adaptive immunity against phages, predation by which can shape the ecology and functioning of microbial communities. To characterize the impact of CRISPR immunization on phage genome evolution, we performed long-term bacterium-phage (Streptococcus thermophilus-phage 2972) coevolution experiments. We found that in this species, CRISPR immunity drives fixation of single nucleotide polymorphisms that accumulate exclusively in phage genome regions targeted by CRISPR. Mutation rates in phage genomes highly exceed those of the host. The presence of multiple phages increased phage persistence by enabling recombination-based formation of chimeric phage genomes in which sequences heavily targeted by CRISPR were replaced. Collectively, our results establish CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity as a key driver of phage genome evolution under the conditions studied and highlight the importance of multiple coexisting phages for persistence in natural systems. American Society of Microbiology 2015-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4453577/ /pubmed/25900652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00262-15 Text en Copyright © 2015 Paez-Espino et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Paez-Espino, David Sharon, Itai Morovic, Wesley Stahl, Buffy Thomas, Brian C. Barrangou, Rodolphe Banfield, Jillian F. CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus |
title | CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus |
title_full | CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus |
title_fullStr | CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus |
title_full_unstemmed | CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus |
title_short | CRISPR Immunity Drives Rapid Phage Genome Evolution in Streptococcus thermophilus |
title_sort | crispr immunity drives rapid phage genome evolution in streptococcus thermophilus |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453577/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00262-15 |
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