Cargando…
Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide
Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which upon absorption by the host is converted in the liver to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Recent studies revealed that TMAO exacerbates atheroscler...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society of Microbiology
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453578/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25784704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02481-14 |
_version_ | 1782374477280051200 |
---|---|
author | Romano, Kymberleigh A. Vivas, Eugenio I. Amador-Noguez, Daniel Rey, Federico E. |
author_facet | Romano, Kymberleigh A. Vivas, Eugenio I. Amador-Noguez, Daniel Rey, Federico E. |
author_sort | Romano, Kymberleigh A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which upon absorption by the host is converted in the liver to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Recent studies revealed that TMAO exacerbates atherosclerosis in mice and positively correlates with the severity of this disease in humans. However, which microbes contribute to TMA production in the human gut, the extent to which host factors (e.g., genotype) and diet affect TMA production and colonization of these microbes, and the effects TMA-producing microbes have on the bioavailability of dietary choline remain largely unknown. We screened a collection of 79 sequenced human intestinal isolates encompassing the major phyla found in the human gut and identified nine strains capable of producing TMA from choline in vitro. Gnotobiotic mouse studies showed that TMAO accumulates in the serum of animals colonized with TMA-producing species, but not in the serum of animals colonized with intestinal isolates that do not generate TMA from choline in vitro. Remarkably, low levels of colonization by TMA-producing bacteria significantly reduced choline levels available to the host. This effect was more pronounced as the abundance of TMA-producing bacteria increased. Our findings provide a framework for designing strategies aimed at changing the representation or activity of TMA-producing bacteria in the human gut and suggest that the TMA-producing status of the gut microbiota should be considered when making recommendations about choline intake requirements for humans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4453578 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | American Society of Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44535782015-06-03 Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Romano, Kymberleigh A. Vivas, Eugenio I. Amador-Noguez, Daniel Rey, Federico E. mBio Research Article Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which upon absorption by the host is converted in the liver to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Recent studies revealed that TMAO exacerbates atherosclerosis in mice and positively correlates with the severity of this disease in humans. However, which microbes contribute to TMA production in the human gut, the extent to which host factors (e.g., genotype) and diet affect TMA production and colonization of these microbes, and the effects TMA-producing microbes have on the bioavailability of dietary choline remain largely unknown. We screened a collection of 79 sequenced human intestinal isolates encompassing the major phyla found in the human gut and identified nine strains capable of producing TMA from choline in vitro. Gnotobiotic mouse studies showed that TMAO accumulates in the serum of animals colonized with TMA-producing species, but not in the serum of animals colonized with intestinal isolates that do not generate TMA from choline in vitro. Remarkably, low levels of colonization by TMA-producing bacteria significantly reduced choline levels available to the host. This effect was more pronounced as the abundance of TMA-producing bacteria increased. Our findings provide a framework for designing strategies aimed at changing the representation or activity of TMA-producing bacteria in the human gut and suggest that the TMA-producing status of the gut microbiota should be considered when making recommendations about choline intake requirements for humans. American Society of Microbiology 2015-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4453578/ /pubmed/25784704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02481-14 Text en Copyright © 2015 Romano et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Romano, Kymberleigh A. Vivas, Eugenio I. Amador-Noguez, Daniel Rey, Federico E. Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide |
title | Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide |
title_full | Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide |
title_fullStr | Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide |
title_full_unstemmed | Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide |
title_short | Intestinal Microbiota Composition Modulates Choline Bioavailability from Diet and Accumulation of the Proatherogenic Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide |
title_sort | intestinal microbiota composition modulates choline bioavailability from diet and accumulation of the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-n-oxide |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453578/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25784704 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02481-14 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT romanokymberleigha intestinalmicrobiotacompositionmodulatescholinebioavailabilityfromdietandaccumulationoftheproatherogenicmetabolitetrimethylaminenoxide AT vivaseugenioi intestinalmicrobiotacompositionmodulatescholinebioavailabilityfromdietandaccumulationoftheproatherogenicmetabolitetrimethylaminenoxide AT amadornoguezdaniel intestinalmicrobiotacompositionmodulatescholinebioavailabilityfromdietandaccumulationoftheproatherogenicmetabolitetrimethylaminenoxide AT reyfedericoe intestinalmicrobiotacompositionmodulatescholinebioavailabilityfromdietandaccumulationoftheproatherogenicmetabolitetrimethylaminenoxide |