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Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is an increasing recognition that visuocognitive difficulties occur in children with neurodevelopmental problems. We obtained normative data for the performance of primary school children using three tests of visuocognitive function that are practicable in a clinical setting....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305868 |
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author | Williams, Cathy Gilchrist, Iain D Fraser, Sue McCarthy, HM Parker, Julie Warnes, Penny Young, Jill Hyvarinen, Lea |
author_facet | Williams, Cathy Gilchrist, Iain D Fraser, Sue McCarthy, HM Parker, Julie Warnes, Penny Young, Jill Hyvarinen, Lea |
author_sort | Williams, Cathy |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is an increasing recognition that visuocognitive difficulties occur in children with neurodevelopmental problems. We obtained normative data for the performance of primary school children using three tests of visuocognitive function that are practicable in a clinical setting. METHODS: We tested 214 children aged between 4 and 11 years without known developmental problems, using tests to assess (1) orientation recognition and adaptive movement (postbox task), (2) object recognition (rectangles task) and (3) spatial integration (contours task). RESULTS: 96% could do the postbox task with ease—only 4% (all aged <9 years) exhibited minor difficulties. Errors in the rectangles task decreased with age: 33% of children aged 4–5 years had major difficulties but >99% of children aged ≥6 years had no, or minor, difficulties. Median scores for the contours task improved with age, and after age 8 years, 99% could see the contour using long-range spatial integration rather than density. CONCLUSIONS: These different aspects of children’s visuocognitive performance were testable in a field setting. The data provide a benchmark by which to judge performance of children with neurodevelopmental problems and may be useful in assessment with a view to providing effective supportive strategies for children whose visuocognitive skills are lower than the expectation for their age. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4453624 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44536242015-06-05 Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study Williams, Cathy Gilchrist, Iain D Fraser, Sue McCarthy, HM Parker, Julie Warnes, Penny Young, Jill Hyvarinen, Lea Br J Ophthalmol Clinical Science BACKGROUND/AIMS: There is an increasing recognition that visuocognitive difficulties occur in children with neurodevelopmental problems. We obtained normative data for the performance of primary school children using three tests of visuocognitive function that are practicable in a clinical setting. METHODS: We tested 214 children aged between 4 and 11 years without known developmental problems, using tests to assess (1) orientation recognition and adaptive movement (postbox task), (2) object recognition (rectangles task) and (3) spatial integration (contours task). RESULTS: 96% could do the postbox task with ease—only 4% (all aged <9 years) exhibited minor difficulties. Errors in the rectangles task decreased with age: 33% of children aged 4–5 years had major difficulties but >99% of children aged ≥6 years had no, or minor, difficulties. Median scores for the contours task improved with age, and after age 8 years, 99% could see the contour using long-range spatial integration rather than density. CONCLUSIONS: These different aspects of children’s visuocognitive performance were testable in a field setting. The data provide a benchmark by which to judge performance of children with neurodevelopmental problems and may be useful in assessment with a view to providing effective supportive strategies for children whose visuocognitive skills are lower than the expectation for their age. BMJ Publishing Group 2015-06 2015-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4453624/ /pubmed/25712824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305868 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Clinical Science Williams, Cathy Gilchrist, Iain D Fraser, Sue McCarthy, HM Parker, Julie Warnes, Penny Young, Jill Hyvarinen, Lea Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study |
title | Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study |
title_full | Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study |
title_short | Normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study |
title_sort | normative data for three tests of visuocognitive function in primary school children: cross-sectional study |
topic | Clinical Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305868 |
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