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Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization
BACKGROUND: It has been shown from the chain length distributions (CLDs) that amylose chains can be divided into at least two groups: long and short amylose chains. These molecular structures influence some functional properties of starch, such as digestibility and mouth-feel. GBSSI is the key enzym...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082161 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12284-015-0055-4 |
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author | Li, Enpeng Wu, Alex Chi Li, Juan Liu, Qiaoquan Gilbert, Robert G |
author_facet | Li, Enpeng Wu, Alex Chi Li, Juan Liu, Qiaoquan Gilbert, Robert G |
author_sort | Li, Enpeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: It has been shown from the chain length distributions (CLDs) that amylose chains can be divided into at least two groups: long and short amylose chains. These molecular structures influence some functional properties of starch, such as digestibility and mouth-feel. GBSSI is the key enzyme for the elongation of amylose chains; however, the effect of other starch biosynthesis enzymes in amylose synthesis is still not fully understood. Two advanced starch characterization techniques, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fluorophore-assissted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), together with a newly developed starch biosynthesis model, are used to improve understanding of amylose biosynthesis. RESULTS: SEC and FACE were used to determine the CLD of amylose and amylopectin in various native and mutant rice starches. The types of starch branching enzymes (SBEs) involved in the synthesis of the distinct features seen for shorter degrees of polymerization, DP, < 2000, and longer (DP > 2000) amylose chains are identified by combining these data with a mathematical model of amylopectin biosynthesis. The model enables each feature in the amylopectin CLD to be parameterized in terms of relative SBE activities, which are used to explain differences in the genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that while GBSSI is the predominant enzyme controlling the synthesis of longer amylose chains, some branching enzymes (such as BEI and BEIIb) also play important roles in the synthesis of shorter amylose chains. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4469591 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44695912015-06-18 Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization Li, Enpeng Wu, Alex Chi Li, Juan Liu, Qiaoquan Gilbert, Robert G Rice (N Y) Research BACKGROUND: It has been shown from the chain length distributions (CLDs) that amylose chains can be divided into at least two groups: long and short amylose chains. These molecular structures influence some functional properties of starch, such as digestibility and mouth-feel. GBSSI is the key enzyme for the elongation of amylose chains; however, the effect of other starch biosynthesis enzymes in amylose synthesis is still not fully understood. Two advanced starch characterization techniques, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and fluorophore-assissted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE), together with a newly developed starch biosynthesis model, are used to improve understanding of amylose biosynthesis. RESULTS: SEC and FACE were used to determine the CLD of amylose and amylopectin in various native and mutant rice starches. The types of starch branching enzymes (SBEs) involved in the synthesis of the distinct features seen for shorter degrees of polymerization, DP, < 2000, and longer (DP > 2000) amylose chains are identified by combining these data with a mathematical model of amylopectin biosynthesis. The model enables each feature in the amylopectin CLD to be parameterized in terms of relative SBE activities, which are used to explain differences in the genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that while GBSSI is the predominant enzyme controlling the synthesis of longer amylose chains, some branching enzymes (such as BEI and BEIIb) also play important roles in the synthesis of shorter amylose chains. Springer US 2015-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4469591/ /pubmed/26082161 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12284-015-0055-4 Text en © Li et al. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Li, Enpeng Wu, Alex Chi Li, Juan Liu, Qiaoquan Gilbert, Robert G Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization |
title | Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization |
title_full | Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization |
title_fullStr | Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization |
title_full_unstemmed | Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization |
title_short | Improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization |
title_sort | improved understanding of rice amylose biosynthesis from advanced starch structural characterization |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4469591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082161 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12284-015-0055-4 |
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