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Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates
BACKGROUND: Exposure to perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs) is associated with immune suppression in animal models, and serum concentrations of specific antibodies against certain childhood vaccines tend to decrease at higher exposures. As such, we investigated the immunotoxic impacts of the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26041029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-015-0032-9 |
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author | Mogensen, Ulla B. Grandjean, Philippe Heilmann, Carsten Nielsen, Flemming Weihe, Pál Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben |
author_facet | Mogensen, Ulla B. Grandjean, Philippe Heilmann, Carsten Nielsen, Flemming Weihe, Pál Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben |
author_sort | Mogensen, Ulla B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Exposure to perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs) is associated with immune suppression in animal models, and serum concentrations of specific antibodies against certain childhood vaccines tend to decrease at higher exposures. As such, we investigated the immunotoxic impacts of the three major PFASs in a Faroese birth cohort. METHODS: A total of 464 children contributed blood samples collected at age 7 years. PFAS concentrations and concentrations of antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus were assessed in serum at age 7 years, and results were available from samples collected at age 5. In addition to standard regressions, structural equation models were generated to determine the association between three major PFASs measured at the two points in time and the two antibody concentrations. RESULTS: Concentrations of all three 7-year PFAS concentrations were individually associated with a decrease in concentrations of antibodies, however, it was not possible to attribute causality to any single PFAS concentration. Hence, the three 7-year concentrations were combined and showed that a 2-fold increase in PFAS was associated with a decrease by 54.4 % (95 % CI: 22.0 %, 73.3 %) in the antibody concentration. If considering both the age-5 and age-7 concentrations of the three major PFASs, the exposure showed a slightly greater loss. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses strengthen the evidence of human PFAS immunotoxicity at current exposure levels and reflect the usefulness of structural equation models to adjust for imprecision in the exposure variables. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-015-0032-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4488050 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-44880502015-07-03 Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates Mogensen, Ulla B. Grandjean, Philippe Heilmann, Carsten Nielsen, Flemming Weihe, Pál Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben Environ Health Research BACKGROUND: Exposure to perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs) is associated with immune suppression in animal models, and serum concentrations of specific antibodies against certain childhood vaccines tend to decrease at higher exposures. As such, we investigated the immunotoxic impacts of the three major PFASs in a Faroese birth cohort. METHODS: A total of 464 children contributed blood samples collected at age 7 years. PFAS concentrations and concentrations of antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus were assessed in serum at age 7 years, and results were available from samples collected at age 5. In addition to standard regressions, structural equation models were generated to determine the association between three major PFASs measured at the two points in time and the two antibody concentrations. RESULTS: Concentrations of all three 7-year PFAS concentrations were individually associated with a decrease in concentrations of antibodies, however, it was not possible to attribute causality to any single PFAS concentration. Hence, the three 7-year concentrations were combined and showed that a 2-fold increase in PFAS was associated with a decrease by 54.4 % (95 % CI: 22.0 %, 73.3 %) in the antibody concentration. If considering both the age-5 and age-7 concentrations of the three major PFASs, the exposure showed a slightly greater loss. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses strengthen the evidence of human PFAS immunotoxicity at current exposure levels and reflect the usefulness of structural equation models to adjust for imprecision in the exposure variables. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-015-0032-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2015-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4488050/ /pubmed/26041029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-015-0032-9 Text en © Mogensen et al. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Mogensen, Ulla B. Grandjean, Philippe Heilmann, Carsten Nielsen, Flemming Weihe, Pál Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates |
title | Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates |
title_full | Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates |
title_fullStr | Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates |
title_short | Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates |
title_sort | structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26041029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-015-0032-9 |
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