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Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cocoa and cocoa-containing foods have the potential to lower blood pressure and improve endothelial function. Most of the studies reporting the beneficial effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure have been short (≤ 4 weeks). The aim of the present 8-wks...

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Autores principales: Koli, Raika, Köhler, Klaus, Tonteri, Elina, Peltonen, Juha, Tikkanen, Heikki, Fogelholm, Mikael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296850
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0075-3
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author Koli, Raika
Köhler, Klaus
Tonteri, Elina
Peltonen, Juha
Tikkanen, Heikki
Fogelholm, Mikael
author_facet Koli, Raika
Köhler, Klaus
Tonteri, Elina
Peltonen, Juha
Tikkanen, Heikki
Fogelholm, Mikael
author_sort Koli, Raika
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cocoa and cocoa-containing foods have the potential to lower blood pressure and improve endothelial function. Most of the studies reporting the beneficial effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure have been short (≤ 4 weeks). The aim of the present 8-wks (weeks) study was to assess the effects of regular consumption of dark chocolate during a reduced snack consumption intervention on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in mildly hypertensive individuals. DESIGN: This was a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial involving 22 adults (8 women, 14 men), aged 33–64 y, BMI 27.7 ± 3.7 kg/m(2) with mild hypertension. During the intervention period (8-wks) the participants reduced the intake of habitual snacks and replaced them with dark chocolate (49 g/day). In the control period, they only reduced the snacks without any added chocolate. Data (blood lipid profile, glucose, insulin, 24 h blood pressure) was collected in the beginning and end of both periods (intervention and control), and some variables also in the run-in and run-out periods (weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, arterial stiffness index, diet and physical activity). RESULTS: Daily consumption of dark chocolate had no effects on 24 h blood pressure, resting blood pressure (mean ± SD, pre 142 ± 11.5/89 ± 8.4 mmHg vs. post 142 ± 14.2/88 ± 9.4 mmHg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively) or arterial stiffness (mean ± SD, pre 7.68 ± 0.88 vs. post 7.76 ± 0.89). Weight was reduced by 1.0 ± 2.2 kg during the control (reduced snack only) period, but was unchanged while eating chocolate (p < 0.027 between the treatments). CONCLUSION: The data collected in this study indicates that inclusion of dark chocolate daily in the diet had no significant effects on blood pressure or other cardiovascular risk factors during a reduced snack period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02130141
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spelling pubmed-45460942015-08-23 Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study Koli, Raika Köhler, Klaus Tonteri, Elina Peltonen, Juha Tikkanen, Heikki Fogelholm, Mikael Nutr J Research BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cocoa and cocoa-containing foods have the potential to lower blood pressure and improve endothelial function. Most of the studies reporting the beneficial effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure have been short (≤ 4 weeks). The aim of the present 8-wks (weeks) study was to assess the effects of regular consumption of dark chocolate during a reduced snack consumption intervention on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in mildly hypertensive individuals. DESIGN: This was a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial involving 22 adults (8 women, 14 men), aged 33–64 y, BMI 27.7 ± 3.7 kg/m(2) with mild hypertension. During the intervention period (8-wks) the participants reduced the intake of habitual snacks and replaced them with dark chocolate (49 g/day). In the control period, they only reduced the snacks without any added chocolate. Data (blood lipid profile, glucose, insulin, 24 h blood pressure) was collected in the beginning and end of both periods (intervention and control), and some variables also in the run-in and run-out periods (weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, arterial stiffness index, diet and physical activity). RESULTS: Daily consumption of dark chocolate had no effects on 24 h blood pressure, resting blood pressure (mean ± SD, pre 142 ± 11.5/89 ± 8.4 mmHg vs. post 142 ± 14.2/88 ± 9.4 mmHg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively) or arterial stiffness (mean ± SD, pre 7.68 ± 0.88 vs. post 7.76 ± 0.89). Weight was reduced by 1.0 ± 2.2 kg during the control (reduced snack only) period, but was unchanged while eating chocolate (p < 0.027 between the treatments). CONCLUSION: The data collected in this study indicates that inclusion of dark chocolate daily in the diet had no significant effects on blood pressure or other cardiovascular risk factors during a reduced snack period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02130141 BioMed Central 2015-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4546094/ /pubmed/26296850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0075-3 Text en © Koli et al. 2015 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Koli, Raika
Köhler, Klaus
Tonteri, Elina
Peltonen, Juha
Tikkanen, Heikki
Fogelholm, Mikael
Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
title Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
title_full Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
title_fullStr Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
title_full_unstemmed Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
title_short Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
title_sort dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296850
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0075-3
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