Cargando…
Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cocoa and cocoa-containing foods have the potential to lower blood pressure and improve endothelial function. Most of the studies reporting the beneficial effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure have been short (≤ 4 weeks). The aim of the present 8-wks...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0075-3 |
_version_ | 1782386852252090368 |
---|---|
author | Koli, Raika Köhler, Klaus Tonteri, Elina Peltonen, Juha Tikkanen, Heikki Fogelholm, Mikael |
author_facet | Koli, Raika Köhler, Klaus Tonteri, Elina Peltonen, Juha Tikkanen, Heikki Fogelholm, Mikael |
author_sort | Koli, Raika |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cocoa and cocoa-containing foods have the potential to lower blood pressure and improve endothelial function. Most of the studies reporting the beneficial effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure have been short (≤ 4 weeks). The aim of the present 8-wks (weeks) study was to assess the effects of regular consumption of dark chocolate during a reduced snack consumption intervention on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in mildly hypertensive individuals. DESIGN: This was a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial involving 22 adults (8 women, 14 men), aged 33–64 y, BMI 27.7 ± 3.7 kg/m(2) with mild hypertension. During the intervention period (8-wks) the participants reduced the intake of habitual snacks and replaced them with dark chocolate (49 g/day). In the control period, they only reduced the snacks without any added chocolate. Data (blood lipid profile, glucose, insulin, 24 h blood pressure) was collected in the beginning and end of both periods (intervention and control), and some variables also in the run-in and run-out periods (weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, arterial stiffness index, diet and physical activity). RESULTS: Daily consumption of dark chocolate had no effects on 24 h blood pressure, resting blood pressure (mean ± SD, pre 142 ± 11.5/89 ± 8.4 mmHg vs. post 142 ± 14.2/88 ± 9.4 mmHg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively) or arterial stiffness (mean ± SD, pre 7.68 ± 0.88 vs. post 7.76 ± 0.89). Weight was reduced by 1.0 ± 2.2 kg during the control (reduced snack only) period, but was unchanged while eating chocolate (p < 0.027 between the treatments). CONCLUSION: The data collected in this study indicates that inclusion of dark chocolate daily in the diet had no significant effects on blood pressure or other cardiovascular risk factors during a reduced snack period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02130141 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4546094 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-45460942015-08-23 Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study Koli, Raika Köhler, Klaus Tonteri, Elina Peltonen, Juha Tikkanen, Heikki Fogelholm, Mikael Nutr J Research BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that cocoa and cocoa-containing foods have the potential to lower blood pressure and improve endothelial function. Most of the studies reporting the beneficial effects of dark chocolate on blood pressure have been short (≤ 4 weeks). The aim of the present 8-wks (weeks) study was to assess the effects of regular consumption of dark chocolate during a reduced snack consumption intervention on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in mildly hypertensive individuals. DESIGN: This was a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial involving 22 adults (8 women, 14 men), aged 33–64 y, BMI 27.7 ± 3.7 kg/m(2) with mild hypertension. During the intervention period (8-wks) the participants reduced the intake of habitual snacks and replaced them with dark chocolate (49 g/day). In the control period, they only reduced the snacks without any added chocolate. Data (blood lipid profile, glucose, insulin, 24 h blood pressure) was collected in the beginning and end of both periods (intervention and control), and some variables also in the run-in and run-out periods (weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, arterial stiffness index, diet and physical activity). RESULTS: Daily consumption of dark chocolate had no effects on 24 h blood pressure, resting blood pressure (mean ± SD, pre 142 ± 11.5/89 ± 8.4 mmHg vs. post 142 ± 14.2/88 ± 9.4 mmHg in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively) or arterial stiffness (mean ± SD, pre 7.68 ± 0.88 vs. post 7.76 ± 0.89). Weight was reduced by 1.0 ± 2.2 kg during the control (reduced snack only) period, but was unchanged while eating chocolate (p < 0.027 between the treatments). CONCLUSION: The data collected in this study indicates that inclusion of dark chocolate daily in the diet had no significant effects on blood pressure or other cardiovascular risk factors during a reduced snack period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02130141 BioMed Central 2015-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4546094/ /pubmed/26296850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0075-3 Text en © Koli et al. 2015 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Koli, Raika Köhler, Klaus Tonteri, Elina Peltonen, Juha Tikkanen, Heikki Fogelholm, Mikael Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study |
title | Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study |
title_full | Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study |
title_fullStr | Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study |
title_full_unstemmed | Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study |
title_short | Dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study |
title_sort | dark chocolate and reduced snack consumption in mildly hypertensive adults: an intervention study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4546094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0075-3 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT koliraika darkchocolateandreducedsnackconsumptioninmildlyhypertensiveadultsaninterventionstudy AT kohlerklaus darkchocolateandreducedsnackconsumptioninmildlyhypertensiveadultsaninterventionstudy AT tonterielina darkchocolateandreducedsnackconsumptioninmildlyhypertensiveadultsaninterventionstudy AT peltonenjuha darkchocolateandreducedsnackconsumptioninmildlyhypertensiveadultsaninterventionstudy AT tikkanenheikki darkchocolateandreducedsnackconsumptioninmildlyhypertensiveadultsaninterventionstudy AT fogelholmmikael darkchocolateandreducedsnackconsumptioninmildlyhypertensiveadultsaninterventionstudy |