A Two-Day Continuous Nicotine Infusion Is Sufficient to Demonstrate Nicotine Withdrawal in Rats as Measured Using Intracranial Self-Stimulation

Avoidance of the negative affective (emotional) symptoms of nicotine withdrawal (e.g., anhedonia, anxiety) contributes to tobacco addiction. Establishing the minimal nicotine exposure conditions required to demonstrate negative affective withdrawal signs in animals, as well as understanding moderato...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Muelken, Peter, Schmidt, Clare E., Shelley, David, Tally, Laura, Harris, Andrew C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Research Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658557
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144553

Internet

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26658557
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144553

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