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Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy
The treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized by new therapies targeting MAPK signaling or the immune system. Unfortunately these therapies are hindered by either primary resistance or the development of acquired resistance. Resistance mechanisms involving somatic mutations in genes associated w...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695870/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers7040870 |
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author | Gallagher, Stuart J Tiffen, Jessamy C Hersey, Peter |
author_facet | Gallagher, Stuart J Tiffen, Jessamy C Hersey, Peter |
author_sort | Gallagher, Stuart J |
collection | PubMed |
description | The treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized by new therapies targeting MAPK signaling or the immune system. Unfortunately these therapies are hindered by either primary resistance or the development of acquired resistance. Resistance mechanisms involving somatic mutations in genes associated with resistance have been identified in some cases of melanoma, however, the cause of resistance remains largely unexplained in other cases. The importance of epigenetic factors targeting histones and histone modifiers in driving the behavior of melanoma is only starting to be unraveled and provides significant opportunity to combat the problems of therapy resistance. There is also an increasing ability to target these epigenetic changes with new drugs that inhibit these modifications to either prevent or overcome resistance to both MAPK inhibitors and immunotherapy. This review focuses on changes in histones, histone reader proteins and histone positioning, which can mediate resistance to new therapeutics and that can be targeted for future therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4695870 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-46958702016-01-19 Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy Gallagher, Stuart J Tiffen, Jessamy C Hersey, Peter Cancers (Basel) Review The treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized by new therapies targeting MAPK signaling or the immune system. Unfortunately these therapies are hindered by either primary resistance or the development of acquired resistance. Resistance mechanisms involving somatic mutations in genes associated with resistance have been identified in some cases of melanoma, however, the cause of resistance remains largely unexplained in other cases. The importance of epigenetic factors targeting histones and histone modifiers in driving the behavior of melanoma is only starting to be unraveled and provides significant opportunity to combat the problems of therapy resistance. There is also an increasing ability to target these epigenetic changes with new drugs that inhibit these modifications to either prevent or overcome resistance to both MAPK inhibitors and immunotherapy. This review focuses on changes in histones, histone reader proteins and histone positioning, which can mediate resistance to new therapeutics and that can be targeted for future therapies. MDPI 2015-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4695870/ /pubmed/26426052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers7040870 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Gallagher, Stuart J Tiffen, Jessamy C Hersey, Peter Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy |
title | Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy |
title_full | Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy |
title_fullStr | Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy |
title_short | Histone Modifications, Modifiers and Readers in Melanoma Resistance to Targeted and Immune Therapy |
title_sort | histone modifications, modifiers and readers in melanoma resistance to targeted and immune therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695870/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26426052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers7040870 |
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