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The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses
Upon virus infection, host cells mount a concerted innate immune response involving type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines to enable elimination of the pathogen. Recently, cGAS and STING have been identified as intracellular sensors that activate the interferon pathway in response to virus...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4755325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26867174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.010 |
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author | Ma, Zhe Damania, Blossom |
author_facet | Ma, Zhe Damania, Blossom |
author_sort | Ma, Zhe |
collection | PubMed |
description | Upon virus infection, host cells mount a concerted innate immune response involving type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines to enable elimination of the pathogen. Recently, cGAS and STING have been identified as intracellular sensors that activate the interferon pathway in response to virus infection and thus mediate host defense against a range of DNA and RNA viruses. Here we review how viruses are sensed by the cGAS-STING signaling pathway as well as how viruses modulate this pathway. Mechanisms utilized by viral proteins to inhibit cGAS and/or STING are also discussed. On the flip side, host cells have also evolved strategies to thwart viral immune escape. The balance between host immune control and viral immune evasion is pivotal to viral pathogenesis, and we discuss this virus-host stand-off in the context of the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4755325 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47553252017-02-10 The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses Ma, Zhe Damania, Blossom Cell Host Microbe Article Upon virus infection, host cells mount a concerted innate immune response involving type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines to enable elimination of the pathogen. Recently, cGAS and STING have been identified as intracellular sensors that activate the interferon pathway in response to virus infection and thus mediate host defense against a range of DNA and RNA viruses. Here we review how viruses are sensed by the cGAS-STING signaling pathway as well as how viruses modulate this pathway. Mechanisms utilized by viral proteins to inhibit cGAS and/or STING are also discussed. On the flip side, host cells have also evolved strategies to thwart viral immune escape. The balance between host immune control and viral immune evasion is pivotal to viral pathogenesis, and we discuss this virus-host stand-off in the context of the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway. Elsevier Inc. 2016-02-10 2016-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4755325/ /pubmed/26867174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.010 Text en Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Ma, Zhe Damania, Blossom The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses |
title | The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses |
title_full | The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses |
title_fullStr | The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses |
title_full_unstemmed | The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses |
title_short | The cGAS-STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses |
title_sort | cgas-sting defense pathway and its counteraction by viruses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4755325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26867174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.010 |
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