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Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and mortality rate compared to European American (EA) men, but the cause of PCa disparities is still unclear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associat...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761841/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26941739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00053 |
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author | Batai, Ken Murphy, Adam B. Nonn, Larisa Kittles, Rick A. |
author_facet | Batai, Ken Murphy, Adam B. Nonn, Larisa Kittles, Rick A. |
author_sort | Batai, Ken |
collection | PubMed |
description | Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and mortality rate compared to European American (EA) men, but the cause of PCa disparities is still unclear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with advanced stage and higher tumor grade and mortality, while its association with overall PCa risk is inconsistent. Vitamin D deficiency is also more common in AAs than EAs, and the difference in serum vitamin D levels may help explain the PCa disparities. However, the role of vitamin D in aggressive PCa in AAs is not well explored. Studies demonstrated that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has anti-inflammatory effects by mediating immune-related gene expression in prostate tissue. Inflammation also plays an important role in PCa pathogenesis and progression, and expression of immune-related genes in PCa tissues differs significantly between AAs and EAs. Unfortunately, the evidence linking vitamin D and immune response in relation to PCa is still scarce. This relationship should be further explored at a genomic level in AA populations that are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and fatal PCa. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4761841 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-47618412016-03-03 Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans Batai, Ken Murphy, Adam B. Nonn, Larisa Kittles, Rick A. Front Immunol Immunology Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and mortality rate compared to European American (EA) men, but the cause of PCa disparities is still unclear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with advanced stage and higher tumor grade and mortality, while its association with overall PCa risk is inconsistent. Vitamin D deficiency is also more common in AAs than EAs, and the difference in serum vitamin D levels may help explain the PCa disparities. However, the role of vitamin D in aggressive PCa in AAs is not well explored. Studies demonstrated that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has anti-inflammatory effects by mediating immune-related gene expression in prostate tissue. Inflammation also plays an important role in PCa pathogenesis and progression, and expression of immune-related genes in PCa tissues differs significantly between AAs and EAs. Unfortunately, the evidence linking vitamin D and immune response in relation to PCa is still scarce. This relationship should be further explored at a genomic level in AA populations that are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and fatal PCa. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4761841/ /pubmed/26941739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00053 Text en Copyright © 2016 Batai, Murphy, Nonn and Kittles. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Batai, Ken Murphy, Adam B. Nonn, Larisa Kittles, Rick A. Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans |
title | Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans |
title_full | Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans |
title_fullStr | Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans |
title_short | Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans |
title_sort | vitamin d and immune response: implications for prostate cancer in african americans |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761841/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26941739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00053 |
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