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Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium

Bacterial pathogens produce complex carbohydrate capsules to protect against bactericidal immune molecules. Paradoxically, the pneumococcal capsule sensitizes the bacterium to antimicrobial peptides found on epithelial surfaces. Here we show that upon interaction with antimicrobial peptides, encapsu...

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Autores principales: Kietzman, Colin C., Gao, Geli, Mann, Beth, Myers, Lance, Tuomanen, Elaine I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26924467
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10859
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author Kietzman, Colin C.
Gao, Geli
Mann, Beth
Myers, Lance
Tuomanen, Elaine I.
author_facet Kietzman, Colin C.
Gao, Geli
Mann, Beth
Myers, Lance
Tuomanen, Elaine I.
author_sort Kietzman, Colin C.
collection PubMed
description Bacterial pathogens produce complex carbohydrate capsules to protect against bactericidal immune molecules. Paradoxically, the pneumococcal capsule sensitizes the bacterium to antimicrobial peptides found on epithelial surfaces. Here we show that upon interaction with antimicrobial peptides, encapsulated pneumococci survive by removing capsule from the cell surface within minutes in a process dependent on the suicidal amidase autolysin LytA. In contrast to classical bacterial autolysis, during capsule shedding, LytA promotes bacterial survival and is dispersed circumferentially around the cell. However, both autolysis and capsule shedding depend on the cell wall hydrolytic activity of LytA. Capsule shedding drastically increases invasion of epithelial cells and is the main pathway by which pneumococci reduce surface bound capsule during early acute lung infection of mice. The previously unrecognized role of LytA in removing capsule to combat antimicrobial peptides may explain why nearly all clinical isolates of pneumococci conserve this enzyme despite the lethal selective pressure of antibiotics.
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spelling pubmed-47734542016-03-04 Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium Kietzman, Colin C. Gao, Geli Mann, Beth Myers, Lance Tuomanen, Elaine I. Nat Commun Article Bacterial pathogens produce complex carbohydrate capsules to protect against bactericidal immune molecules. Paradoxically, the pneumococcal capsule sensitizes the bacterium to antimicrobial peptides found on epithelial surfaces. Here we show that upon interaction with antimicrobial peptides, encapsulated pneumococci survive by removing capsule from the cell surface within minutes in a process dependent on the suicidal amidase autolysin LytA. In contrast to classical bacterial autolysis, during capsule shedding, LytA promotes bacterial survival and is dispersed circumferentially around the cell. However, both autolysis and capsule shedding depend on the cell wall hydrolytic activity of LytA. Capsule shedding drastically increases invasion of epithelial cells and is the main pathway by which pneumococci reduce surface bound capsule during early acute lung infection of mice. The previously unrecognized role of LytA in removing capsule to combat antimicrobial peptides may explain why nearly all clinical isolates of pneumococci conserve this enzyme despite the lethal selective pressure of antibiotics. Nature Publishing Group 2016-02-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4773454/ /pubmed/26924467 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10859 Text en Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Kietzman, Colin C.
Gao, Geli
Mann, Beth
Myers, Lance
Tuomanen, Elaine I.
Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium
title Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium
title_full Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium
title_fullStr Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium
title_short Dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin LytA in response to the epithelium
title_sort dynamic capsule restructuring by the main pneumococcal autolysin lyta in response to the epithelium
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26924467
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10859
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