Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration
Mangrove restoration projects, aimed at restoring important values of mangrove forests after degradation, often fail because hydrological conditions are disregarded. We present a simple, but robust methodology to determine hydrological suitability for mangrove species, which can guide restoration pr...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4805295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27008277 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150302 |
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author | Van Loon, Anne F. Te Brake, Bram Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J. Dijksma, Roel |
author_facet | Van Loon, Anne F. Te Brake, Bram Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J. Dijksma, Roel |
author_sort | Van Loon, Anne F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mangrove restoration projects, aimed at restoring important values of mangrove forests after degradation, often fail because hydrological conditions are disregarded. We present a simple, but robust methodology to determine hydrological suitability for mangrove species, which can guide restoration practice. In 15 natural and 8 disturbed sites (i.e. disused shrimp ponds) in three case study regions in south-east Asia, water levels were measured and vegetation species composition was determined. Using an existing hydrological classification for mangroves, sites were classified into hydrological classes, based on duration of inundation, and vegetation classes, based on occurrence of mangrove species. For the natural sites hydrological and vegetation classes were similar, showing clear distribution of mangrove species from wet to dry sites. Application of the classification to disturbed sites showed that in some locations hydrological conditions had been restored enough for mangrove vegetation to establish, in some locations hydrological conditions were suitable for various mangrove species but vegetation had not established naturally, and in some locations hydrological conditions were too wet for any mangrove species (natural or planted) to grow. We quantified the effect that removal of obstructions such as dams would have on the hydrology and found that failure of planting at one site could have been prevented. The hydrological classification needs relatively little data, i.e. water levels for a period of only one lunar tidal cycle without additional measurements, and uncertainties in the measurements and analysis are relatively small. For the study locations, the application of the hydrological classification gave important information about how to restore the hydrology to suitable conditions to improve natural regeneration or to plant mangrove species, which could not have been obtained by estimating elevation only. Based on this research a number of recommendations are given to improve the effectiveness of mangrove restoration projects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4805295 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48052952016-03-25 Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration Van Loon, Anne F. Te Brake, Bram Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J. Dijksma, Roel PLoS One Research Article Mangrove restoration projects, aimed at restoring important values of mangrove forests after degradation, often fail because hydrological conditions are disregarded. We present a simple, but robust methodology to determine hydrological suitability for mangrove species, which can guide restoration practice. In 15 natural and 8 disturbed sites (i.e. disused shrimp ponds) in three case study regions in south-east Asia, water levels were measured and vegetation species composition was determined. Using an existing hydrological classification for mangroves, sites were classified into hydrological classes, based on duration of inundation, and vegetation classes, based on occurrence of mangrove species. For the natural sites hydrological and vegetation classes were similar, showing clear distribution of mangrove species from wet to dry sites. Application of the classification to disturbed sites showed that in some locations hydrological conditions had been restored enough for mangrove vegetation to establish, in some locations hydrological conditions were suitable for various mangrove species but vegetation had not established naturally, and in some locations hydrological conditions were too wet for any mangrove species (natural or planted) to grow. We quantified the effect that removal of obstructions such as dams would have on the hydrology and found that failure of planting at one site could have been prevented. The hydrological classification needs relatively little data, i.e. water levels for a period of only one lunar tidal cycle without additional measurements, and uncertainties in the measurements and analysis are relatively small. For the study locations, the application of the hydrological classification gave important information about how to restore the hydrology to suitable conditions to improve natural regeneration or to plant mangrove species, which could not have been obtained by estimating elevation only. Based on this research a number of recommendations are given to improve the effectiveness of mangrove restoration projects. Public Library of Science 2016-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4805295/ /pubmed/27008277 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150302 Text en © 2016 Van Loon et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Van Loon, Anne F. Te Brake, Bram Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J. Dijksma, Roel Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration |
title | Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration |
title_full | Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration |
title_fullStr | Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration |
title_full_unstemmed | Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration |
title_short | Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration |
title_sort | hydrological classification, a practical tool for mangrove restoration |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4805295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27008277 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150302 |
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