Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration

Mangrove restoration projects, aimed at restoring important values of mangrove forests after degradation, often fail because hydrological conditions are disregarded. We present a simple, but robust methodology to determine hydrological suitability for mangrove species, which can guide restoration pr...

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Autores principales: Van Loon, Anne F., Te Brake, Bram, Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J., Dijksma, Roel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4805295/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27008277
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150302
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author Van Loon, Anne F.
Te Brake, Bram
Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J.
Dijksma, Roel
author_facet Van Loon, Anne F.
Te Brake, Bram
Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J.
Dijksma, Roel
author_sort Van Loon, Anne F.
collection PubMed
description Mangrove restoration projects, aimed at restoring important values of mangrove forests after degradation, often fail because hydrological conditions are disregarded. We present a simple, but robust methodology to determine hydrological suitability for mangrove species, which can guide restoration practice. In 15 natural and 8 disturbed sites (i.e. disused shrimp ponds) in three case study regions in south-east Asia, water levels were measured and vegetation species composition was determined. Using an existing hydrological classification for mangroves, sites were classified into hydrological classes, based on duration of inundation, and vegetation classes, based on occurrence of mangrove species. For the natural sites hydrological and vegetation classes were similar, showing clear distribution of mangrove species from wet to dry sites. Application of the classification to disturbed sites showed that in some locations hydrological conditions had been restored enough for mangrove vegetation to establish, in some locations hydrological conditions were suitable for various mangrove species but vegetation had not established naturally, and in some locations hydrological conditions were too wet for any mangrove species (natural or planted) to grow. We quantified the effect that removal of obstructions such as dams would have on the hydrology and found that failure of planting at one site could have been prevented. The hydrological classification needs relatively little data, i.e. water levels for a period of only one lunar tidal cycle without additional measurements, and uncertainties in the measurements and analysis are relatively small. For the study locations, the application of the hydrological classification gave important information about how to restore the hydrology to suitable conditions to improve natural regeneration or to plant mangrove species, which could not have been obtained by estimating elevation only. Based on this research a number of recommendations are given to improve the effectiveness of mangrove restoration projects.
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spelling pubmed-48052952016-03-25 Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration Van Loon, Anne F. Te Brake, Bram Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J. Dijksma, Roel PLoS One Research Article Mangrove restoration projects, aimed at restoring important values of mangrove forests after degradation, often fail because hydrological conditions are disregarded. We present a simple, but robust methodology to determine hydrological suitability for mangrove species, which can guide restoration practice. In 15 natural and 8 disturbed sites (i.e. disused shrimp ponds) in three case study regions in south-east Asia, water levels were measured and vegetation species composition was determined. Using an existing hydrological classification for mangroves, sites were classified into hydrological classes, based on duration of inundation, and vegetation classes, based on occurrence of mangrove species. For the natural sites hydrological and vegetation classes were similar, showing clear distribution of mangrove species from wet to dry sites. Application of the classification to disturbed sites showed that in some locations hydrological conditions had been restored enough for mangrove vegetation to establish, in some locations hydrological conditions were suitable for various mangrove species but vegetation had not established naturally, and in some locations hydrological conditions were too wet for any mangrove species (natural or planted) to grow. We quantified the effect that removal of obstructions such as dams would have on the hydrology and found that failure of planting at one site could have been prevented. The hydrological classification needs relatively little data, i.e. water levels for a period of only one lunar tidal cycle without additional measurements, and uncertainties in the measurements and analysis are relatively small. For the study locations, the application of the hydrological classification gave important information about how to restore the hydrology to suitable conditions to improve natural regeneration or to plant mangrove species, which could not have been obtained by estimating elevation only. Based on this research a number of recommendations are given to improve the effectiveness of mangrove restoration projects. Public Library of Science 2016-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4805295/ /pubmed/27008277 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150302 Text en © 2016 Van Loon et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Van Loon, Anne F.
Te Brake, Bram
Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J.
Dijksma, Roel
Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration
title Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration
title_full Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration
title_fullStr Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration
title_full_unstemmed Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration
title_short Hydrological Classification, a Practical Tool for Mangrove Restoration
title_sort hydrological classification, a practical tool for mangrove restoration
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4805295/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27008277
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150302
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