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Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls

Whether methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can improve the basal function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which is suppressed by long-term heroin consumption, is a matter of debate. The stress state and depression and anxiety symptoms may affect the basal activity of the HPA axi...

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Autores principales: Yang, Jin, Li, Jifeng, Xu, Guanyi, Zhang, Jing, Chen, Zheng, Lu, Zuhong, Deng, Huihua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27010803
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150729
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author Yang, Jin
Li, Jifeng
Xu, Guanyi
Zhang, Jing
Chen, Zheng
Lu, Zuhong
Deng, Huihua
author_facet Yang, Jin
Li, Jifeng
Xu, Guanyi
Zhang, Jing
Chen, Zheng
Lu, Zuhong
Deng, Huihua
author_sort Yang, Jin
collection PubMed
description Whether methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can improve the basal function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which is suppressed by long-term heroin consumption, is a matter of debate. The stress state and depression and anxiety symptoms may affect the basal activity of the HPA axis in MMT patients. However, the effect of psychological factors on HPA activity was not simultaneously controlled in previous studies. This study investigated differences in HPA basal activity between MMT patients and controls using psychological variables as covariates. The participants included 52 MMT patients and 41 age-matched, non-heroin-dependent controls. Psychological states were self-reported with the Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. The hair cortisol level was adopted as a biomarker of HPA basal activity and was determined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that MMT patients had significantly higher hair cortisol levels than the controls (p<0.05), but the difference was not significant (p>0.05) when the perceived stress, depression and anxiety scores were used as covariates. We concluded that patients with long-term MMT showed higher basal activity of the HPA axis. The high chronic stress state and increase in depression and anxiety symptoms may mask the suppression effect of methadone on the HPA activity.
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spelling pubmed-48068352016-03-25 Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls Yang, Jin Li, Jifeng Xu, Guanyi Zhang, Jing Chen, Zheng Lu, Zuhong Deng, Huihua PLoS One Research Article Whether methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can improve the basal function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which is suppressed by long-term heroin consumption, is a matter of debate. The stress state and depression and anxiety symptoms may affect the basal activity of the HPA axis in MMT patients. However, the effect of psychological factors on HPA activity was not simultaneously controlled in previous studies. This study investigated differences in HPA basal activity between MMT patients and controls using psychological variables as covariates. The participants included 52 MMT patients and 41 age-matched, non-heroin-dependent controls. Psychological states were self-reported with the Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. The hair cortisol level was adopted as a biomarker of HPA basal activity and was determined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that MMT patients had significantly higher hair cortisol levels than the controls (p<0.05), but the difference was not significant (p>0.05) when the perceived stress, depression and anxiety scores were used as covariates. We concluded that patients with long-term MMT showed higher basal activity of the HPA axis. The high chronic stress state and increase in depression and anxiety symptoms may mask the suppression effect of methadone on the HPA activity. Public Library of Science 2016-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4806835/ /pubmed/27010803 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150729 Text en © 2016 Yang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Yang, Jin
Li, Jifeng
Xu, Guanyi
Zhang, Jing
Chen, Zheng
Lu, Zuhong
Deng, Huihua
Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls
title Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls
title_full Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls
title_fullStr Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls
title_full_unstemmed Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls
title_short Elevated Hair Cortisol Levels among Heroin Addicts on Current Methadone Maintenance Compared to Controls
title_sort elevated hair cortisol levels among heroin addicts on current methadone maintenance compared to controls
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4806835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27010803
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150729
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