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2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size
Variation in cerebral cortex size and complexity is thought to contribute to differences in cognitive ability between humans and other animals. Here we compare cortical progenitor cell output in humans and three nonhuman primates using directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in adh...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cell Press
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826446/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.003 |
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author | Otani, Tomoki Marchetto, Maria C. Gage, Fred H. Simons, Benjamin D. Livesey, Frederick J. |
author_facet | Otani, Tomoki Marchetto, Maria C. Gage, Fred H. Simons, Benjamin D. Livesey, Frederick J. |
author_sort | Otani, Tomoki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Variation in cerebral cortex size and complexity is thought to contribute to differences in cognitive ability between humans and other animals. Here we compare cortical progenitor cell output in humans and three nonhuman primates using directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in adherent two-dimensional (2D) and organoid three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Clonal lineage analysis showed that primate cortical progenitors proliferate for a protracted period of time, during which they generate early-born neurons, in contrast to rodents, where this expansion phase largely ceases before neurogenesis begins. The extent of this additional cortical progenitor expansion differs among primates, leading to differences in the number of neurons generated by each progenitor cell. We found that this mechanism for controlling cortical size is regulated cell autonomously in culture, suggesting that primate cerebral cortex size is regulated at least in part at the level of individual cortical progenitor cell clonal output. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4826446 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Cell Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48264462016-04-20 2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size Otani, Tomoki Marchetto, Maria C. Gage, Fred H. Simons, Benjamin D. Livesey, Frederick J. Cell Stem Cell Article Variation in cerebral cortex size and complexity is thought to contribute to differences in cognitive ability between humans and other animals. Here we compare cortical progenitor cell output in humans and three nonhuman primates using directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in adherent two-dimensional (2D) and organoid three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Clonal lineage analysis showed that primate cortical progenitors proliferate for a protracted period of time, during which they generate early-born neurons, in contrast to rodents, where this expansion phase largely ceases before neurogenesis begins. The extent of this additional cortical progenitor expansion differs among primates, leading to differences in the number of neurons generated by each progenitor cell. We found that this mechanism for controlling cortical size is regulated cell autonomously in culture, suggesting that primate cerebral cortex size is regulated at least in part at the level of individual cortical progenitor cell clonal output. Cell Press 2016-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4826446/ /pubmed/27049876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.003 Text en © 2016 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Otani, Tomoki Marchetto, Maria C. Gage, Fred H. Simons, Benjamin D. Livesey, Frederick J. 2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size |
title | 2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size |
title_full | 2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size |
title_fullStr | 2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size |
title_full_unstemmed | 2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size |
title_short | 2D and 3D Stem Cell Models of Primate Cortical Development Identify Species-Specific Differences in Progenitor Behavior Contributing to Brain Size |
title_sort | 2d and 3d stem cell models of primate cortical development identify species-specific differences in progenitor behavior contributing to brain size |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4826446/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27049876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.03.003 |
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