Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis

Autoreactive T cells specific for islet autoantigens develop in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by escaping central as well as peripheral tolerance. The current paradigm for development of islet autoimmunity is just beginning to include the contribution of posttranslationally modified (PTM) islet autoantigens...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: McLaughlin, Rene J., Spindler, Matthew P., van Lummel, Menno, Roep, Bart O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2016
Materias:
Immunology and Transplantation (L Piemonti and V Sordi, Section Editors)
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27168063
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0752-4
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author McLaughlin, Rene J.
Spindler, Matthew P.
van Lummel, Menno
Roep, Bart O.
author_facet McLaughlin, Rene J.
Spindler, Matthew P.
van Lummel, Menno
Roep, Bart O.
author_sort McLaughlin, Rene J.
collection PubMed
description Autoreactive T cells specific for islet autoantigens develop in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by escaping central as well as peripheral tolerance. The current paradigm for development of islet autoimmunity is just beginning to include the contribution of posttranslationally modified (PTM) islet autoantigens, for which the immune system may be ignorant rather than tolerant. As a result, PTM is the latest promising lead in the quest to understand how the break in peripheral tolerance occurs in T1D. However, it is not completely clear how, where, or when these modifications take place. Currently, only a few PTM antigens have been well-thought-out or identified in T1D, and methods for identifying and characterizing new PTM antigens are rapidly improving. This review will address both reported and potential new sources of modified islet autoantigens and discuss how islet neo-autoantigen generation may contribute to the development and progression of T1D.
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spelling pubmed-48639132016-05-25 Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis McLaughlin, Rene J. Spindler, Matthew P. van Lummel, Menno Roep, Bart O. Curr Diab Rep Immunology and Transplantation (L Piemonti and V Sordi, Section Editors) Autoreactive T cells specific for islet autoantigens develop in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by escaping central as well as peripheral tolerance. The current paradigm for development of islet autoimmunity is just beginning to include the contribution of posttranslationally modified (PTM) islet autoantigens, for which the immune system may be ignorant rather than tolerant. As a result, PTM is the latest promising lead in the quest to understand how the break in peripheral tolerance occurs in T1D. However, it is not completely clear how, where, or when these modifications take place. Currently, only a few PTM antigens have been well-thought-out or identified in T1D, and methods for identifying and characterizing new PTM antigens are rapidly improving. This review will address both reported and potential new sources of modified islet autoantigens and discuss how islet neo-autoantigen generation may contribute to the development and progression of T1D. Springer US 2016-05-11 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4863913/ /pubmed/27168063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0752-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Immunology and Transplantation (L Piemonti and V Sordi, Section Editors)
McLaughlin, Rene J.
Spindler, Matthew P.
van Lummel, Menno
Roep, Bart O.
Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis
title Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis
title_full Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis
title_short Where, How, and When: Positioning Posttranslational Modification Within Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis
title_sort where, how, and when: positioning posttranslational modification within type 1 diabetes pathogenesis
topic Immunology and Transplantation (L Piemonti and V Sordi, Section Editors)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27168063
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0752-4
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