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From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search
Selective attention determines the effectiveness of implicit contextual learning (e.g., Jiang and Leung, 2005). Visual foreground-background segmentation, on the other hand, is a key process in the guidance of attention (Wolfe, 2003). In the present study, we examined the impact of foreground-backgr...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894892/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27375530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00852 |
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author | Zang, Xuelian Geyer, Thomas Assumpção, Leonardo Müller, Hermann J. Shi, Zhuanghua |
author_facet | Zang, Xuelian Geyer, Thomas Assumpção, Leonardo Müller, Hermann J. Shi, Zhuanghua |
author_sort | Zang, Xuelian |
collection | PubMed |
description | Selective attention determines the effectiveness of implicit contextual learning (e.g., Jiang and Leung, 2005). Visual foreground-background segmentation, on the other hand, is a key process in the guidance of attention (Wolfe, 2003). In the present study, we examined the impact of foreground-background segmentation on contextual cueing of visual search in three experiments. A visual search display, consisting of distractor ‘L’s and a target ‘T’, was overlaid on a task-neutral cuboid on the same depth plane (Experiment 1), on stereoscopically separated depth planes (Experiment 2), or spread over the entire display on the same depth plane (Experiment 3). Half of the search displays contained repeated target-distractor arrangements, whereas the other half was always newly generated. The task-neutral cuboid was constant during an initial training session, but was either rotated by 90° or entirely removed in the subsequent test sessions. We found that the gains resulting from repeated presentation of display arrangements during training (i.e., contextual-cueing effects) were diminished when the cuboid was changed or removed in Experiment 1, but remained intact in Experiments 2 and 3 when the cuboid was placed in a different depth plane, or when the items were randomly spread over the whole display but not on the edges of the cuboid. These findings suggest that foreground-background segmentation occurs prior to contextual learning, and only objects/arrangements that are grouped as foreground are learned over the course of repeated visual search. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4894892 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-48948922016-07-01 From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search Zang, Xuelian Geyer, Thomas Assumpção, Leonardo Müller, Hermann J. Shi, Zhuanghua Front Psychol Psychology Selective attention determines the effectiveness of implicit contextual learning (e.g., Jiang and Leung, 2005). Visual foreground-background segmentation, on the other hand, is a key process in the guidance of attention (Wolfe, 2003). In the present study, we examined the impact of foreground-background segmentation on contextual cueing of visual search in three experiments. A visual search display, consisting of distractor ‘L’s and a target ‘T’, was overlaid on a task-neutral cuboid on the same depth plane (Experiment 1), on stereoscopically separated depth planes (Experiment 2), or spread over the entire display on the same depth plane (Experiment 3). Half of the search displays contained repeated target-distractor arrangements, whereas the other half was always newly generated. The task-neutral cuboid was constant during an initial training session, but was either rotated by 90° or entirely removed in the subsequent test sessions. We found that the gains resulting from repeated presentation of display arrangements during training (i.e., contextual-cueing effects) were diminished when the cuboid was changed or removed in Experiment 1, but remained intact in Experiments 2 and 3 when the cuboid was placed in a different depth plane, or when the items were randomly spread over the whole display but not on the edges of the cuboid. These findings suggest that foreground-background segmentation occurs prior to contextual learning, and only objects/arrangements that are grouped as foreground are learned over the course of repeated visual search. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4894892/ /pubmed/27375530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00852 Text en Copyright © 2016 Zang, Geyer, Assumpção, Müller and Shi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Zang, Xuelian Geyer, Thomas Assumpção, Leonardo Müller, Hermann J. Shi, Zhuanghua From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search |
title | From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search |
title_full | From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search |
title_fullStr | From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search |
title_full_unstemmed | From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search |
title_short | From Foreground to Background: How Task-Neutral Context Influences Contextual Cueing of Visual Search |
title_sort | from foreground to background: how task-neutral context influences contextual cueing of visual search |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894892/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27375530 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00852 |
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