A CD74-DEPENDENT MHC CLASS I ENDOLYSOSOMAL CROSS-PRESENTATION PATHWAY

Immune responses are initiated and primed by dendritic cells (DCs) that cross-present exogenous antigen. The CD74 (invariant chain) chaperone protein is thought to exclusively promote DC priming in the context of MHC class II. However, we demonstrate herein a CD74-dependent MHC class I cross-presentation pathway in DCs that plays a major role in the generation of MHC class I restricted, cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against viral protein- and cell-associated antigens. CD74 associates with MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum of DCs and mediates trafficking of MHC class I to endolysosomal compartments for loading with exogenous peptides. We conclude that CD74 plays a hitherto, undiscovered physiological function in endolysosomal DC cross-presentation for priming MHC class I-mediated CTL responses.