The transcriptional architecture of early human hematopoiesis identifies multilevel control of lymphoid commitment

Understanding how differentiation programs originate from within the gene expression landscape of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is crucial to develop new clinical therapies. We mapped the transcriptional dynamics underlying the first steps of commitment by tracking transcriptome changes in human HSC and eight early progenitor populations. Transcriptional programs are extensively shared, extend across lineage-potential boundaries, and are not strictly lineage-affiliated. Elements of stem, lymphoid and myeloid programs are retained in multi-lymphoid progenitors (MLP), reflecting a hybrid transcriptional state. Based on functional single cell analysis, BCL11A, SOX4 and TEAD1 governed transcriptional networks within MLPs, leading to B cell specification. Overall, we show that integrated transcriptome approaches can identify novel regulators of multipotency and uncover additional complexity in lymphoid commitment.