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B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production
A small subset of B cells, termed B-1 cells, with developmental origins, phenotypes, and functions that are distinct from those of conventional B cells exist in mice. It contributes the vast majority of spontaneously produced “natural” IgM. Natural IgM is constitutively produced, even in the absence...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5016532/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27667991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00324 |
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author | Baumgarth, Nicole |
author_facet | Baumgarth, Nicole |
author_sort | Baumgarth, Nicole |
collection | PubMed |
description | A small subset of B cells, termed B-1 cells, with developmental origins, phenotypes, and functions that are distinct from those of conventional B cells exist in mice. It contributes the vast majority of spontaneously produced “natural” IgM. Natural IgM is constitutively produced, even in the absence of microbiota, and fulfills many distinct functions in tissue homeostasis and host defense. B-1 cells also respond with IgM production to innate signals and pathogen exposure, while maintaining steady-state levels natural IgM. Thus, within the B-1 cell pool, cells of distinct and heterogeneous functionality must exist to facilitate these different functions. This review considers three factors that may contribute to this heterogeneity: first, developmental differences regarding the origins of the precursors, second, tissue-specific signals that may differentially affect B-1 cells in the tissue compartments, and finally responsiveness to self-antigens as well as innate and antigen-specific signals. All three are likely to shape the repertoire and responsiveness of B-1 cells to homeostatic- and antigen-induced signals and thus contribute to the functional heterogeneity among these innate-like B cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5016532 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50165322016-09-23 B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production Baumgarth, Nicole Front Immunol Immunology A small subset of B cells, termed B-1 cells, with developmental origins, phenotypes, and functions that are distinct from those of conventional B cells exist in mice. It contributes the vast majority of spontaneously produced “natural” IgM. Natural IgM is constitutively produced, even in the absence of microbiota, and fulfills many distinct functions in tissue homeostasis and host defense. B-1 cells also respond with IgM production to innate signals and pathogen exposure, while maintaining steady-state levels natural IgM. Thus, within the B-1 cell pool, cells of distinct and heterogeneous functionality must exist to facilitate these different functions. This review considers three factors that may contribute to this heterogeneity: first, developmental differences regarding the origins of the precursors, second, tissue-specific signals that may differentially affect B-1 cells in the tissue compartments, and finally responsiveness to self-antigens as well as innate and antigen-specific signals. All three are likely to shape the repertoire and responsiveness of B-1 cells to homeostatic- and antigen-induced signals and thus contribute to the functional heterogeneity among these innate-like B cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5016532/ /pubmed/27667991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00324 Text en Copyright © 2016 Baumgarth. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Baumgarth, Nicole B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production |
title | B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production |
title_full | B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production |
title_fullStr | B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production |
title_full_unstemmed | B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production |
title_short | B-1 Cell Heterogeneity and the Regulation of Natural and Antigen-Induced IgM Production |
title_sort | b-1 cell heterogeneity and the regulation of natural and antigen-induced igm production |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5016532/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27667991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00324 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT baumgarthnicole b1cellheterogeneityandtheregulationofnaturalandantigeninducedigmproduction |