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Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family

The S100 proteins are a large family of signaling proteins that play critical roles in biology and disease. Many S100 proteins bind Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and/or Mn(2+) as part of their biological functions; however, the evolutionary origins of binding remain obscure. One key question is whether divalent t...

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Autores principales: Wheeler, Lucas C., Donor, Micah T., Prell, James S., Harms, Michael J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5072561/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27764152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164740
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author Wheeler, Lucas C.
Donor, Micah T.
Prell, James S.
Harms, Michael J.
author_facet Wheeler, Lucas C.
Donor, Micah T.
Prell, James S.
Harms, Michael J.
author_sort Wheeler, Lucas C.
collection PubMed
description The S100 proteins are a large family of signaling proteins that play critical roles in biology and disease. Many S100 proteins bind Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and/or Mn(2+) as part of their biological functions; however, the evolutionary origins of binding remain obscure. One key question is whether divalent transition metal binding is ancestral, or instead arose independently on multiple lineages. To tackle this question, we combined phylogenetics with biophysical characterization of modern S100 proteins. We demonstrate an earlier origin for established S100 subfamilies than previously believed, and reveal that transition metal binding is widely distributed across the tree. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we found that Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) binding are common features of the family: the full breadth of human S100 paralogs—as well as two early-branching S100 proteins found in the tunicate Oikopleura dioica—bind these metals with μM affinity and stoichiometries ranging from 1:1 to 3:1 (metal:protein). While binding is consistent across the tree, structural responses to binding are quite variable. Further, mutational analysis and structural modeling revealed that transition metal binding occurs at different sites in different S100 proteins. This is consistent with multiple origins of transition metal binding over the evolution of this protein family. Our work reveals an evolutionary pattern in which the overall phenotype of binding is a constant feature of S100 proteins, even while the site and mechanism of binding is evolutionarily labile.
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spelling pubmed-50725612016-10-27 Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family Wheeler, Lucas C. Donor, Micah T. Prell, James S. Harms, Michael J. PLoS One Research Article The S100 proteins are a large family of signaling proteins that play critical roles in biology and disease. Many S100 proteins bind Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and/or Mn(2+) as part of their biological functions; however, the evolutionary origins of binding remain obscure. One key question is whether divalent transition metal binding is ancestral, or instead arose independently on multiple lineages. To tackle this question, we combined phylogenetics with biophysical characterization of modern S100 proteins. We demonstrate an earlier origin for established S100 subfamilies than previously believed, and reveal that transition metal binding is widely distributed across the tree. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we found that Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) binding are common features of the family: the full breadth of human S100 paralogs—as well as two early-branching S100 proteins found in the tunicate Oikopleura dioica—bind these metals with μM affinity and stoichiometries ranging from 1:1 to 3:1 (metal:protein). While binding is consistent across the tree, structural responses to binding are quite variable. Further, mutational analysis and structural modeling revealed that transition metal binding occurs at different sites in different S100 proteins. This is consistent with multiple origins of transition metal binding over the evolution of this protein family. Our work reveals an evolutionary pattern in which the overall phenotype of binding is a constant feature of S100 proteins, even while the site and mechanism of binding is evolutionarily labile. Public Library of Science 2016-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5072561/ /pubmed/27764152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164740 Text en © 2016 Wheeler et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wheeler, Lucas C.
Donor, Micah T.
Prell, James S.
Harms, Michael J.
Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family
title Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family
title_full Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family
title_fullStr Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family
title_full_unstemmed Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family
title_short Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) Binding in the S100 Protein Family
title_sort multiple evolutionary origins of ubiquitous cu(2+) and zn(2+) binding in the s100 protein family
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5072561/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27764152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164740
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