Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 Inhibitor Rescues Progression of Apoptosis in Human Platelets

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis plays an important role in the physiology of platelet function. We aimed to detect the effect of the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 inhibitor, tirofiban, on apoptotic events, including mitochondrial inner-membrane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on platelet surface, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), when washed platelets were stimulated with thrombin. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study included washed platelets from healthy humans, divided into 4 groups: vehicle, and tirofiban (0.05 μg/ml, 0.25 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml). Platelets were pretreated with vehicle or tirofiban and incubated at 37°C with agitation for 6 h and 24 h. Before thrombin addition, the vehicle group divided into 2 equal groups. Except one vehicle group, the other 4 groups were all stimulated with thrombin (1 U/ml) for 30 min at 37°C. Using flow cytometry, we studied the ΔΨm and PS exposure on platelet surfaces, and the generation of ROS in platelets. RESULTS: We observed that at the time of 6 h and 24 h, thrombin-stimulated vehicle platelets induced significant depolarization of ΔΨm, higher PS exposure, and increased ROS production compared with the vehicle group (P<0.01). However, the tirofiban group had significantly more recovery of ΔΨm, PS exposure, and ROS production compared with the thrombin group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 inhibitor, tirofiban, inhibits the depolarization of ΔΨm, PS exposure on platelet surface, and ROS production when stimulated with thrombin. These results suggest that αIIbβ3 inhibitor inhibits the initiation of apoptosis in platelets, showing a potential clinical application of tirofiban as an apoptosis inhibitor.