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Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence
BACKGROUND: There is scepticism about health effects of dairy products in the public, which is reflected in an increasing intake of plant-based drinks, for example, from soy, rice, almond, or oat. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess the scientific evidence mainly from meta-analyses of observation...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Co-Action Publishing
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5122229/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27882862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32527 |
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author | Thorning, Tanja Kongerslev Raben, Anne Tholstrup, Tine Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S. Givens, Ian Astrup, Arne |
author_facet | Thorning, Tanja Kongerslev Raben, Anne Tholstrup, Tine Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S. Givens, Ian Astrup, Arne |
author_sort | Thorning, Tanja Kongerslev |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: There is scepticism about health effects of dairy products in the public, which is reflected in an increasing intake of plant-based drinks, for example, from soy, rice, almond, or oat. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess the scientific evidence mainly from meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised controlled trials, on dairy intake and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cancer, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The most recent evidence suggested that intake of milk and dairy products was associated with reduced risk of childhood obesity. In adults, intake of dairy products was shown to improve body composition and facilitate weight loss during energy restriction. In addition, intake of milk and dairy products was associated with a neutral or reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. Furthermore, the evidence suggested a beneficial effect of milk and dairy intake on bone mineral density but no association with risk of bone fracture. Among cancers, milk and dairy intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer, and not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, or lung cancer, while the evidence for prostate cancer risk was inconsistent. Finally, consumption of milk and dairy products was not associated with all-cause mortality. Calcium-fortified plant-based drinks have been included as an alternative to dairy products in the nutrition recommendations in several countries. However, nutritionally, cow's milk and plant-based drinks are completely different foods, and an evidence-based conclusion on the health value of the plant-based drinks requires more studies in humans. CONCLUSION: The totality of available scientific evidence supports that intake of milk and dairy products contribute to meet nutrient recommendations, and may protect against the most prevalent chronic diseases, whereas very few adverse effects have been reported. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5122229 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Co-Action Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51222292016-12-16 Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence Thorning, Tanja Kongerslev Raben, Anne Tholstrup, Tine Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S. Givens, Ian Astrup, Arne Food Nutr Res Review Article BACKGROUND: There is scepticism about health effects of dairy products in the public, which is reflected in an increasing intake of plant-based drinks, for example, from soy, rice, almond, or oat. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess the scientific evidence mainly from meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised controlled trials, on dairy intake and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cancer, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The most recent evidence suggested that intake of milk and dairy products was associated with reduced risk of childhood obesity. In adults, intake of dairy products was shown to improve body composition and facilitate weight loss during energy restriction. In addition, intake of milk and dairy products was associated with a neutral or reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. Furthermore, the evidence suggested a beneficial effect of milk and dairy intake on bone mineral density but no association with risk of bone fracture. Among cancers, milk and dairy intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer, and not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, or lung cancer, while the evidence for prostate cancer risk was inconsistent. Finally, consumption of milk and dairy products was not associated with all-cause mortality. Calcium-fortified plant-based drinks have been included as an alternative to dairy products in the nutrition recommendations in several countries. However, nutritionally, cow's milk and plant-based drinks are completely different foods, and an evidence-based conclusion on the health value of the plant-based drinks requires more studies in humans. CONCLUSION: The totality of available scientific evidence supports that intake of milk and dairy products contribute to meet nutrient recommendations, and may protect against the most prevalent chronic diseases, whereas very few adverse effects have been reported. Co-Action Publishing 2016-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5122229/ /pubmed/27882862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32527 Text en © 2016 Tanja Kongerslev Thorning et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Thorning, Tanja Kongerslev Raben, Anne Tholstrup, Tine Soedamah-Muthu, Sabita S. Givens, Ian Astrup, Arne Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence |
title | Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence |
title_full | Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence |
title_fullStr | Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence |
title_full_unstemmed | Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence |
title_short | Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence |
title_sort | milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? an assessment of the totality of scientific evidence |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5122229/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27882862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32527 |
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