Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas

Background: There is a lack of study on the relation between undiagnosed diabetes and depression in the general population. Methods: A total of 11,531 adults were examined using a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample of individuals who were at least 35 years old. Subj...

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Autores principales: Li, Zhao, Guo, Xiaofan, Jiang, Hongkun, Sun, Guozhe, Sun, Yingxian, Abraham, Maria Roselle
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129346/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27854262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111136
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author Li, Zhao
Guo, Xiaofan
Jiang, Hongkun
Sun, Guozhe
Sun, Yingxian
Abraham, Maria Roselle
author_facet Li, Zhao
Guo, Xiaofan
Jiang, Hongkun
Sun, Guozhe
Sun, Yingxian
Abraham, Maria Roselle
author_sort Li, Zhao
collection PubMed
description Background: There is a lack of study on the relation between undiagnosed diabetes and depression in the general population. Methods: A total of 11,531 adults were examined using a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample of individuals who were at least 35 years old. Subjects were classified into three groups: no diabetes (ND), diagnosed diabetes (DD), and undiagnosed diabetes (UD). The participants were surveyed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: Of all the 11,531 participants, the prevalence of depression was higher in the DD group than in the other two groups. Multi variable logistic regression analyses show that the DD group had significantly higher odds for depression compared with the ND group (p < 0.01), while the UD group showed no significant differences compared to the ND group. Subgroup analyses show that diagnosed diabetes in subjects with a lower educational level, compared with subjects with an educational level of high school or above, had higher odds for a PHQ-9 score ≥5 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this general population, diagnosed but not undiagnosed diabetes was significantly associated with depression. Much higher odds for depression were found among diagnosed diabetic individuals with a lower level of education.
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spelling pubmed-51293462016-12-11 Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas Li, Zhao Guo, Xiaofan Jiang, Hongkun Sun, Guozhe Sun, Yingxian Abraham, Maria Roselle Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: There is a lack of study on the relation between undiagnosed diabetes and depression in the general population. Methods: A total of 11,531 adults were examined using a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample of individuals who were at least 35 years old. Subjects were classified into three groups: no diabetes (ND), diagnosed diabetes (DD), and undiagnosed diabetes (UD). The participants were surveyed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: Of all the 11,531 participants, the prevalence of depression was higher in the DD group than in the other two groups. Multi variable logistic regression analyses show that the DD group had significantly higher odds for depression compared with the ND group (p < 0.01), while the UD group showed no significant differences compared to the ND group. Subgroup analyses show that diagnosed diabetes in subjects with a lower educational level, compared with subjects with an educational level of high school or above, had higher odds for a PHQ-9 score ≥5 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this general population, diagnosed but not undiagnosed diabetes was significantly associated with depression. Much higher odds for depression were found among diagnosed diabetic individuals with a lower level of education. MDPI 2016-11-14 2016-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5129346/ /pubmed/27854262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111136 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Li, Zhao
Guo, Xiaofan
Jiang, Hongkun
Sun, Guozhe
Sun, Yingxian
Abraham, Maria Roselle
Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas
title Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas
title_full Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas
title_fullStr Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas
title_full_unstemmed Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas
title_short Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas
title_sort diagnosed but not undiagnosed diabetes is associated with depression in rural areas
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129346/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27854262
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111136
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