The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine

A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th an...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Calabrese, Edward J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5187834/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929392
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122034
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author Calabrese, Edward J.
author_facet Calabrese, Edward J.
author_sort Calabrese, Edward J.
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description A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and competed for acceptance and dominance. Particular attention is directed to the hormetic model for which a general description and evaluation is provided, including its historical basis, and how it was marginalized by the medical and pharmacology communities in the early decades of the 20th century.
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spelling pubmed-51878342016-12-30 The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine Calabrese, Edward J. Int J Mol Sci Review A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and competed for acceptance and dominance. Particular attention is directed to the hormetic model for which a general description and evaluation is provided, including its historical basis, and how it was marginalized by the medical and pharmacology communities in the early decades of the 20th century. MDPI 2016-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5187834/ /pubmed/27929392 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122034 Text en © 2016 by the author; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Calabrese, Edward J.
The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine
title The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine
title_full The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine
title_fullStr The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine
title_full_unstemmed The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine
title_short The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine
title_sort emergence of the dose–response concept in biology and medicine
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5187834/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929392
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122034
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