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Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation
Formation of amyloid fibrils underlies a wide range of human disorders, including Alzheimer's and prion diseases. The amyloid fibrils can be readily detected thanks to thioflavin T (ThT), a small molecule that gives strong fluorescence upon binding to amyloids. Using the amyloid fibrils of Aβ40...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Royal Society Publishing
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28280572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160696 |
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author | Xue, Christine Lin, Tiffany Yuwen Chang, Dennis Guo, Zhefeng |
author_facet | Xue, Christine Lin, Tiffany Yuwen Chang, Dennis Guo, Zhefeng |
author_sort | Xue, Christine |
collection | PubMed |
description | Formation of amyloid fibrils underlies a wide range of human disorders, including Alzheimer's and prion diseases. The amyloid fibrils can be readily detected thanks to thioflavin T (ThT), a small molecule that gives strong fluorescence upon binding to amyloids. Using the amyloid fibrils of Aβ40 and Aβ42 involved in Alzheimer's disease, and of yeast prion protein Ure2, here we study three aspects of ThT binding to amyloids: quantification of amyloid fibrils using ThT, the optimal ThT concentration for monitoring amyloid formation and the effect of ThT on aggregation kinetics. We show that ThT fluorescence correlates linearly with amyloid concentration over ThT concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 500 µM. At a given amyloid concentration, the plot of ThT fluorescence versus ThT concentration exhibits a bell-shaped curve. The maximal fluorescence signal depends mostly on the total ThT concentration, rather than amyloid to ThT ratio. For the three proteins investigated, the maximal fluorescence is observed at ThT concentrations of 20–50 µM. Aggregation kinetics experiments in the presence of different ThT concentrations show that ThT has little effect on aggregation at concentrations of 20 µM or lower. ThT at concentrations of 50 µM or more could affect the shape of the aggregation curves, but this effect is protein-dependent and not universal. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5319338 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | The Royal Society Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53193382017-03-09 Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation Xue, Christine Lin, Tiffany Yuwen Chang, Dennis Guo, Zhefeng R Soc Open Sci Biochemistry and Biophysics Formation of amyloid fibrils underlies a wide range of human disorders, including Alzheimer's and prion diseases. The amyloid fibrils can be readily detected thanks to thioflavin T (ThT), a small molecule that gives strong fluorescence upon binding to amyloids. Using the amyloid fibrils of Aβ40 and Aβ42 involved in Alzheimer's disease, and of yeast prion protein Ure2, here we study three aspects of ThT binding to amyloids: quantification of amyloid fibrils using ThT, the optimal ThT concentration for monitoring amyloid formation and the effect of ThT on aggregation kinetics. We show that ThT fluorescence correlates linearly with amyloid concentration over ThT concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 500 µM. At a given amyloid concentration, the plot of ThT fluorescence versus ThT concentration exhibits a bell-shaped curve. The maximal fluorescence signal depends mostly on the total ThT concentration, rather than amyloid to ThT ratio. For the three proteins investigated, the maximal fluorescence is observed at ThT concentrations of 20–50 µM. Aggregation kinetics experiments in the presence of different ThT concentrations show that ThT has little effect on aggregation at concentrations of 20 µM or lower. ThT at concentrations of 50 µM or more could affect the shape of the aggregation curves, but this effect is protein-dependent and not universal. The Royal Society Publishing 2017-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5319338/ /pubmed/28280572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160696 Text en © 2017 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Biochemistry and Biophysics Xue, Christine Lin, Tiffany Yuwen Chang, Dennis Guo, Zhefeng Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation |
title | Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation |
title_full | Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation |
title_fullStr | Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation |
title_full_unstemmed | Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation |
title_short | Thioflavin T as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation |
title_sort | thioflavin t as an amyloid dye: fibril quantification, optimal concentration and effect on aggregation |
topic | Biochemistry and Biophysics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28280572 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160696 |
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