Circulating T Cells of Patients with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Show Signs of Senescence

PURPOSE: The Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by a typical facial appearance, microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and a strong predisposition to malignancies, especially of lymphoid origin. NBS patients have a mutation in the NBN gene which involves the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we studied the peripheral T cell compartment of NBS patients with a focus on immunological senescence. METHODS: The absolute numbers and frequencies of the different T cell subsets were determined in NBS patients from young age till adulthood and compared to age-matched healthy individuals (HI). In addition, we determined the expression of senescent T cell markers and the signal joint T cell receptor excision circles (sjTRECs) content. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that NBS patients have reduced T cell numbers. NBS patients showed lower numbers of αβ(+) T cells, but normal γδ(+) T cell numbers compared to HI. Concerning the αβ(+) T cells, both CD4(+) as well as CD8(+) T cells were excessively reduced in numbers compared to aged-matched HI. In addition, NBS patients showed higher frequencies of the more differentiated T cells expressing the senescent cell marker CD57 and did not express co-stimulatory molecule CD28. These effects were already present in the youngest age group. Furthermore, NBS patients showed lower sjTREC content in their T cells possibly indicative of a lower thymic output. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that circulating T cells from NBS patients show signs of a senescent phenotype which is already present from young age on and which might explain their T cell immune deficiency. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10875-016-0363-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.