Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB signaling suppresses Spint1-deletion-induced tumor susceptibility in the Apc(Min/+) model

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1), encoded by the Spint1 gene, is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor expressed on the epithelial cell surface. We have previously reported that the intestine-specific Spint1-deleted Apc(Min/+) mice showed accelerated formation of intestinal tumors. In this study, we focused on the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in the HAI-1 loss-induced tumor susceptibility. In the HAI-1-deficient intestine, inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, were upregulated in normal mucosa. Furthermore, increased nuclear translocation of NF-κB was observed in both normal mucosa and tumor tissues of HAI-1-deficient Apc(Min/+) intestines, and an NF-κB target gene, such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator, was upregulated in the HAI-1-deficient tumor tissues. Thus, we investigated the effect of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), a synthetic inhibitor of NF-κB, on intestinal HAI-1-deficient Apc(Min/+) mice. Treatment with DHMEQ reduced the formation of intestinal tumors compared with vehicle control in the HAI-1-deficient Apc(Min/+) mice. These results suggested that insufficient HAI-1 function promotes intestinal carcinogenesis by activating NF-κB signaling.