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Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2

Polycomb group proteins regulate chromatin structure and have an important regulatory role on gene expression in various cell types. Two polycomb group complexes (Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2)) have been identified in mammalian cells. Both PRC1 and PRC2 compact chromatin, and als...

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Autores principales: Christofides, Anthos, Karantanos, Theodoros, Bardhan, Kankana, Boussiotis, Vassiliki A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Impact Journals LLC 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5356764/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27793053
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12928
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author Christofides, Anthos
Karantanos, Theodoros
Bardhan, Kankana
Boussiotis, Vassiliki A.
author_facet Christofides, Anthos
Karantanos, Theodoros
Bardhan, Kankana
Boussiotis, Vassiliki A.
author_sort Christofides, Anthos
collection PubMed
description Polycomb group proteins regulate chromatin structure and have an important regulatory role on gene expression in various cell types. Two polycomb group complexes (Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2)) have been identified in mammalian cells. Both PRC1 and PRC2 compact chromatin, and also catalyze histone modifications. PRC1 mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A, whereas PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27. These alterations of histones can lead to altered gene expression patterns by regulating chromatin structure. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of the PRC2 catalytic component enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in neoplastic development and progression, and EZH2 mutations have been identified in various malignancies. Through modulating the expression of critical genes, EZH2 is actively involved in fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition to cancer cells, EZH2 also has a decisive role in the differentiation and function of T effector and T regulatory cells. In this review we summarize the recent progress regarding the role of EZH2 in human malignancies, highlight the molecular mechanisms by which EZH2 aberrations promote the pathogenesis of cancer, and discuss the anti-tumor effects of EZH2 targeting via activating direct anti-cancer mechanisms and anti-tumor immunity.
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spelling pubmed-53567642017-04-26 Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2 Christofides, Anthos Karantanos, Theodoros Bardhan, Kankana Boussiotis, Vassiliki A. Oncotarget Review Polycomb group proteins regulate chromatin structure and have an important regulatory role on gene expression in various cell types. Two polycomb group complexes (Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2)) have been identified in mammalian cells. Both PRC1 and PRC2 compact chromatin, and also catalyze histone modifications. PRC1 mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A, whereas PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27. These alterations of histones can lead to altered gene expression patterns by regulating chromatin structure. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of the PRC2 catalytic component enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in neoplastic development and progression, and EZH2 mutations have been identified in various malignancies. Through modulating the expression of critical genes, EZH2 is actively involved in fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition to cancer cells, EZH2 also has a decisive role in the differentiation and function of T effector and T regulatory cells. In this review we summarize the recent progress regarding the role of EZH2 in human malignancies, highlight the molecular mechanisms by which EZH2 aberrations promote the pathogenesis of cancer, and discuss the anti-tumor effects of EZH2 targeting via activating direct anti-cancer mechanisms and anti-tumor immunity. Impact Journals LLC 2016-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC5356764/ /pubmed/27793053 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12928 Text en Copyright: © 2016 Christofides et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Christofides, Anthos
Karantanos, Theodoros
Bardhan, Kankana
Boussiotis, Vassiliki A.
Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2
title Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2
title_full Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2
title_fullStr Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2
title_short Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2
title_sort epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by ezh2
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5356764/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27793053
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12928
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