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Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are loaded with a wide variety of self- and non-self-peptides in their binding grooves and present these to T cell receptors (TCRs) in order to activate the adaptive immune system. A large number of crystal structures of different MHC alleles with dif...

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Autores principales: Yanaka, Saeko, Sugase, Kenji
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5446982/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28611781
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00632
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author Yanaka, Saeko
Sugase, Kenji
author_facet Yanaka, Saeko
Sugase, Kenji
author_sort Yanaka, Saeko
collection PubMed
description Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are loaded with a wide variety of self- and non-self-peptides in their binding grooves and present these to T cell receptors (TCRs) in order to activate the adaptive immune system. A large number of crystal structures of different MHC alleles with different bound peptides have been determined, and they have been found to be quite similar to one another regardless of the bound peptide sequence. The structures do not change markedly even when forming complexes with TCRs. Nonetheless, the degree of TCR activation does differ markedly depending on the peptide presented by the MHC. Recent structural studies in solution rather than as crystals have suggested that the conformational dynamics of MHC molecules may be responsible for the MHC stability differences. Furthermore, it was shown that the conformational dynamics of MHC molecules is important for peptide loading and presentation to TCR. Here, we describe the static and dynamic structures of MHC molecules and appropriate methods to analyze them. We focus particularly on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), one of the most powerful tools to study dynamic properties of proteins. The number of such studies in the literature is limited, but in this review, we show that NMR is valuable for elucidating the structural dynamics of MHC molecules.
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spelling pubmed-54469822017-06-13 Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules Yanaka, Saeko Sugase, Kenji Front Immunol Immunology Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are loaded with a wide variety of self- and non-self-peptides in their binding grooves and present these to T cell receptors (TCRs) in order to activate the adaptive immune system. A large number of crystal structures of different MHC alleles with different bound peptides have been determined, and they have been found to be quite similar to one another regardless of the bound peptide sequence. The structures do not change markedly even when forming complexes with TCRs. Nonetheless, the degree of TCR activation does differ markedly depending on the peptide presented by the MHC. Recent structural studies in solution rather than as crystals have suggested that the conformational dynamics of MHC molecules may be responsible for the MHC stability differences. Furthermore, it was shown that the conformational dynamics of MHC molecules is important for peptide loading and presentation to TCR. Here, we describe the static and dynamic structures of MHC molecules and appropriate methods to analyze them. We focus particularly on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), one of the most powerful tools to study dynamic properties of proteins. The number of such studies in the literature is limited, but in this review, we show that NMR is valuable for elucidating the structural dynamics of MHC molecules. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5446982/ /pubmed/28611781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00632 Text en Copyright © 2017 Yanaka and Sugase. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Yanaka, Saeko
Sugase, Kenji
Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
title Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
title_full Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
title_fullStr Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
title_full_unstemmed Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
title_short Exploration of the Conformational Dynamics of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules
title_sort exploration of the conformational dynamics of major histocompatibility complex molecules
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5446982/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28611781
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00632
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