Pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one metabolism mediated by aldehyde oxidase is blocked by C2-substitution

1. We have previously described C8-substituted pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives as cell permeable inhibitors of the KDM4 and KDM5 subfamilies of JmjC histone lysine demethylases. 2. Although exemplar compound 1 exhibited moderate clearance in mouse liver microsomes, it was highly cleared in vivo due to metabolism by aldehyde oxidase (AO). Similar human and mouse AO-mediated metabolism was observed with the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one scaffold and other C8-substituted derivatives. 3. We identified the C2-position as the oxidation site by LC-MS and (1)H-NMR and showed that C2-substituted derivatives are no longer AO substrates. 4. In addition to the experimental data, these observations are supported by molecular modelling studies in the human AO protein crystal structure.