Cargando…
Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells
Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits. This study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant protection conferred by the anthocyanin, delphinidin, is mediated by modulation of endogenous antioxidant defences, driven...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5610832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29081896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9260701 |
_version_ | 1783265833973186560 |
---|---|
author | Goszcz, Katarzyna Deakin, Sherine J. Duthie, Garry G. Stewart, Derek Megson, Ian L. |
author_facet | Goszcz, Katarzyna Deakin, Sherine J. Duthie, Garry G. Stewart, Derek Megson, Ian L. |
author_sort | Goszcz, Katarzyna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits. This study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant protection conferred by the anthocyanin, delphinidin, is mediated by modulation of endogenous antioxidant defences, driven by its degradation product, gallic acid. Delphinidin was found to degrade rapidly (t1/2 ~ 30 min), generating gallic acid as a major degradation product. Both delphinidin and gallic acid generated oxygen-centred radicals at high (100 μM) concentrations in vitro. In a cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell model of oxidative stress, the antioxidant protective effects of both delphinidin and gallic acid displayed a hormesic profile; 100 μM concentrations of both were cytotoxic, but relatively low concentrations (100 nM–1 μM) protected the cells and were associated with increased intracellular glutathione. We conclude that delphinidin is intrinsically unstable and unlikely to confer any direct antioxidant activity in vivo yet it offered antioxidant protection to cells at low concentrations. This paradox might be explained by the ability of the degradation product, gallic acid, to confer benefit. The findings are important in understanding the mode of protection conferred by anthocyanins and reinforce the necessity to conduct in vitro experiments at biologically relevant concentrations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5610832 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56108322017-10-29 Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells Goszcz, Katarzyna Deakin, Sherine J. Duthie, Garry G. Stewart, Derek Megson, Ian L. Oxid Med Cell Longev Research Article Despite limited bioavailability and rapid degradation, dietary anthocyanins are antioxidants with cardiovascular benefits. This study tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant protection conferred by the anthocyanin, delphinidin, is mediated by modulation of endogenous antioxidant defences, driven by its degradation product, gallic acid. Delphinidin was found to degrade rapidly (t1/2 ~ 30 min), generating gallic acid as a major degradation product. Both delphinidin and gallic acid generated oxygen-centred radicals at high (100 μM) concentrations in vitro. In a cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell model of oxidative stress, the antioxidant protective effects of both delphinidin and gallic acid displayed a hormesic profile; 100 μM concentrations of both were cytotoxic, but relatively low concentrations (100 nM–1 μM) protected the cells and were associated with increased intracellular glutathione. We conclude that delphinidin is intrinsically unstable and unlikely to confer any direct antioxidant activity in vivo yet it offered antioxidant protection to cells at low concentrations. This paradox might be explained by the ability of the degradation product, gallic acid, to confer benefit. The findings are important in understanding the mode of protection conferred by anthocyanins and reinforce the necessity to conduct in vitro experiments at biologically relevant concentrations. Hindawi 2017 2017-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5610832/ /pubmed/29081896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9260701 Text en Copyright © 2017 Katarzyna Goszcz et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Goszcz, Katarzyna Deakin, Sherine J. Duthie, Garry G. Stewart, Derek Megson, Ian L. Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells |
title | Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells |
title_full | Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells |
title_fullStr | Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells |
title_short | Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells |
title_sort | bioavailable concentrations of delphinidin and its metabolite, gallic acid, induce antioxidant protection associated with increased intracellular glutathione in cultured endothelial cells |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5610832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29081896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9260701 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT goszczkatarzyna bioavailableconcentrationsofdelphinidinanditsmetabolitegallicacidinduceantioxidantprotectionassociatedwithincreasedintracellularglutathioneinculturedendothelialcells AT deakinsherinej bioavailableconcentrationsofdelphinidinanditsmetabolitegallicacidinduceantioxidantprotectionassociatedwithincreasedintracellularglutathioneinculturedendothelialcells AT duthiegarryg bioavailableconcentrationsofdelphinidinanditsmetabolitegallicacidinduceantioxidantprotectionassociatedwithincreasedintracellularglutathioneinculturedendothelialcells AT stewartderek bioavailableconcentrationsofdelphinidinanditsmetabolitegallicacidinduceantioxidantprotectionassociatedwithincreasedintracellularglutathioneinculturedendothelialcells AT megsonianl bioavailableconcentrationsofdelphinidinanditsmetabolitegallicacidinduceantioxidantprotectionassociatedwithincreasedintracellularglutathioneinculturedendothelialcells |