Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled
Bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, is one of the most utilized industrial chemicals worldwide, with the ability to interfere with/or mimic estrogenic hormones with associated biological responses. Environmental human exposure to this endocrine disruptor, mostly through oral intake,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5634705/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics5030022 |
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author | Ribeiro, Edna Ladeira, Carina Viegas, Susana |
author_facet | Ribeiro, Edna Ladeira, Carina Viegas, Susana |
author_sort | Ribeiro, Edna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, is one of the most utilized industrial chemicals worldwide, with the ability to interfere with/or mimic estrogenic hormones with associated biological responses. Environmental human exposure to this endocrine disruptor, mostly through oral intake, is considered a generalized phenomenon, particularly in developed countries. However, in the context of occupational exposure, non-dietary exposure sources (e.g., air and contact) cannot be underestimated. Here, we performed a review of the literature on BPA occupational exposure and associated health effects. Relevantly, the authors only identified 19 studies from 2009 to 2017 that demonstrate that occupationally exposed individuals have significantly higher detected BPA levels than environmentally exposed populations and that the detection rate of serum BPA increases in relation to the time of exposure. However, only 12 studies performed in China have correlated potential health effects with detected BPA levels, and shown that BPA-exposed male workers are at greater risk of male sexual dysfunction across all domains of sexual function; also, endocrine disruption, alterations to epigenetic marks (DNA methylation) and epidemiological evidence have shown significant effects on the offspring of parents exposed to BPA during pregnancy. This overview raises awareness of the dramatic and consistent increase in the production and exposure of BPA and creates urgency to assess the actual exposure of workers to this xenoestrogen and to evaluate potential associated adverse health effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5634705 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56347052017-10-18 Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled Ribeiro, Edna Ladeira, Carina Viegas, Susana Toxics Review Bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, is one of the most utilized industrial chemicals worldwide, with the ability to interfere with/or mimic estrogenic hormones with associated biological responses. Environmental human exposure to this endocrine disruptor, mostly through oral intake, is considered a generalized phenomenon, particularly in developed countries. However, in the context of occupational exposure, non-dietary exposure sources (e.g., air and contact) cannot be underestimated. Here, we performed a review of the literature on BPA occupational exposure and associated health effects. Relevantly, the authors only identified 19 studies from 2009 to 2017 that demonstrate that occupationally exposed individuals have significantly higher detected BPA levels than environmentally exposed populations and that the detection rate of serum BPA increases in relation to the time of exposure. However, only 12 studies performed in China have correlated potential health effects with detected BPA levels, and shown that BPA-exposed male workers are at greater risk of male sexual dysfunction across all domains of sexual function; also, endocrine disruption, alterations to epigenetic marks (DNA methylation) and epidemiological evidence have shown significant effects on the offspring of parents exposed to BPA during pregnancy. This overview raises awareness of the dramatic and consistent increase in the production and exposure of BPA and creates urgency to assess the actual exposure of workers to this xenoestrogen and to evaluate potential associated adverse health effects. MDPI 2017-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5634705/ /pubmed/29051454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics5030022 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ribeiro, Edna Ladeira, Carina Viegas, Susana Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled |
title | Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled |
title_full | Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled |
title_fullStr | Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled |
title_full_unstemmed | Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled |
title_short | Occupational Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA): A Reality That Still Needs to Be Unveiled |
title_sort | occupational exposure to bisphenol a (bpa): a reality that still needs to be unveiled |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5634705/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051454 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics5030022 |
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