Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology

Despite the repetitive association of endogenous retroviruses in human disease, the mechanisms behind their pathological contributions remain to be resolved. Here we discuss how neuronal human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) expression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is a...

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Autores principales: Douville, Renée N., Nath, Avindra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5641584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29075249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01986
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author Douville, Renée N.
Nath, Avindra
author_facet Douville, Renée N.
Nath, Avindra
author_sort Douville, Renée N.
collection PubMed
description Despite the repetitive association of endogenous retroviruses in human disease, the mechanisms behind their pathological contributions remain to be resolved. Here we discuss how neuronal human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) expression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is a distinct pathological aspect of HIV-associated neurological conditions, such as HIV encephalitis and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Enhanced neuronal HERV-K levels were observed in the majority of HIV-infected individuals, and to a higher degree in brain tissue marked by HIV replication. Moreover, we highlight an important neuropathological overlap between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and HIV encephalitis, that being the formation of neurotoxic TDP-43 deposits in neurons. Herein, we argue for enhanced transdisciplinary research in the field of ERV biology, using an example of how HERV-K expression has novel mechanistic and therapeutic implications for HIV neuropathology.
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spelling pubmed-56415842017-10-26 Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology Douville, Renée N. Nath, Avindra Front Microbiol Microbiology Despite the repetitive association of endogenous retroviruses in human disease, the mechanisms behind their pathological contributions remain to be resolved. Here we discuss how neuronal human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) expression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is a distinct pathological aspect of HIV-associated neurological conditions, such as HIV encephalitis and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Enhanced neuronal HERV-K levels were observed in the majority of HIV-infected individuals, and to a higher degree in brain tissue marked by HIV replication. Moreover, we highlight an important neuropathological overlap between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and HIV encephalitis, that being the formation of neurotoxic TDP-43 deposits in neurons. Herein, we argue for enhanced transdisciplinary research in the field of ERV biology, using an example of how HERV-K expression has novel mechanistic and therapeutic implications for HIV neuropathology. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5641584/ /pubmed/29075249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01986 Text en Copyright © 2017 Douville and Nath. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Douville, Renée N.
Nath, Avindra
Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology
title Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology
title_full Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology
title_fullStr Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology
title_full_unstemmed Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology
title_short Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K and TDP-43 Expression Bridges ALS and HIV Neuropathology
title_sort human endogenous retrovirus-k and tdp-43 expression bridges als and hiv neuropathology
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5641584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29075249
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01986
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